Moving forcasting model Essays (933 words) - Time Series Analysis

Moving forcasting model Moving forcasting model Estimating Models and Types of Data By what means can trendless information be assessed? Trendless information can be assessed by computing a moving normal; this can likewise be alluded to as exponential smoothing. There are two primary sorts of moving midpoints: trailing or focused (Cooper How does a trailing-moving normal contrast with a focused moving normal? Trailing moving normal (TMA) is viewed as the most straightforward of the moving midpoints. TMA ascertains the moving normal in the course of the last m time frames. The TMA smoothes the past variances in the time-arrangement, helping us see the example all the more obviously. The decision of m relies upon the circumstance (Cooper The bigger m would yield a smoother TMA however would require a bigger number of information than a littler m. TMA is best viewed as a one-period-ahead gauge (Cooper With focused moving normal (CMA), the recipe looks both forward and in reverse in time, to communicate the current figure as the mean of the current perception and perceptions on either side of the current information (Cooper When n is an odd number it makes CMA simple to ascertain, anyway when m is even the equation computation turns out to be progressively intricate. The comparability is that both are utilized to smooth the information. A distinction is that TMA is taking a gander at forward an ideal opportunity to compute the normal and CMA looks in reverse and advances. When should exponential smoothing be utilized for information? Clarify with a model. At the point when the information is sporadic significance it is deficient with regards to T or S or C parts, exponential smoothing is utilized to make a short run estimate. The exponential smoothing model is an uncommon sort of moving normal. It is utilized for continuous one-period-ahead determining for information that has here and there developments however no predictable pattern (Cooper This is a straightforward estimating model with two data sources and one steady. In exponential smoothing, what sort of smoothing consistent ought to be picked for small smoothing contrasted and moderate smoothing? The estimation of , called the smoothing consistent, is the weight given to the most recent information (Cooper MINITAB utilizes a=.20 for the default on account of moderate smoothing. In this way if a=.50 it would be a case for small smoothing. On the off chance that a=.20 moderate smoothing would be the situation. Examination Process What are the six phases in an examination procedure? Explaining the examination question-A helpful method to move toward the exploration procedure is to express the essential difficulty that prompts the exploration and afterward attempt to create different inquiries by dynamically separating the first inquiry into increasingly explicit ones (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.81). Proposing research-Without budgetary endorsement, many examination endeavors are ended for absence of assets (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.85). Planning the exploration venture The examination configuration is the diagram for satisfying targets and responding to questions. Choosing a structure might be confounded by the accessibility of a huge assortment of strategies, methods, methodology, conventions, and testing plans (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.88). Information assortment and readiness The social event of information may extend from a straightforward perception at one area to a vainglorious study of global enterprises at locales in various pieces of the world. The strategy chose will to a great extent decide how the information are gathered (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.90). Information examination and translation Managers need data, not crude information. Scientists create data by breaking down information after its assortment (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.90). Revealing the outcomes It is important to set up a report and transmit the discoveries and proposals to the supervisor for the planned reason for dynamic (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p.91). Which stage is the most hard to finish? Why? Which stage is the most significant? Why? In the wake of perusing the content about the exploration procedure, I for one feel that stage 3, structuring the examination venture is the most troublesome of the 6 phases. This is on the grounds that there are such a large number of choices to be made during this progression. Also this is the primary arranging phase of the undertaking. Choosing a structure might be convoluted by the accessibility of a huge assortment of strategies, methods, systems, conventions, and inspecting plans (Cooper and Schindler 2011 p. 88).

REFLECTIVE ESSAY EXAMPLES

Sustainability - Environmental Performance and Disclosures

Question: Examine about the Sustainability, Environmental Performance and Disclosures. Answer: Presentation: The times of dynamic weakening of the natural nature of our nation have prompted the heightening of various socio-ecological clashes. Ecological guideline has the reason for lessening this issue, by reinforcing the nearness of natural foundations. Improvement in maintainability has various methodologies in definition. Amomg the definition incorporate; the advancement of meeting the current needs while not jeopardizing the necessities of people in the future capacity to endure. The definition was at first utilized in the Environmental Commission of the United Nation of 1987. It was later made in the year 1983. The assembled countries has been in the front line of tending to the natural issue which has numerous far off related precursors. The United Nations at first centered around the battle looked by nations for the most part creating nations in Africa, Asia and Latin America. The subsequent spotlight was on the utilization of characteristic assets for nations to have authority over their own resources(Freedman and Jaggi, 2010). The procedures of decentralization and social consideration, protected need segments, try to advance projects of financial and social improvement of the populace, disguising the ecological part in territorial and nearby administration. Along these lines, it is important to call attention to that numerous organizations put forth attempts that focus on maintainable turn of events, for example, the administration of their assets and ideal ecological execution, exercises that are ended because of deficient assets or absence of dispersion. In this way, shoppers of definite items - wood or paper - , whether residents or organizations, are a key connect to secure woodlands. If everybody somehow happened to assume liability for getting some information about the birthplace of the items and guarantee that they consider moral and social perspectives, reasonable markets, mindful recognizability and accordingly long haul natural and beneficial manageability of backwoods The pattern of mix and association of the world economies, the solidification of market economies and the segment development confirm in the most recent years produce an expanding utilization of the common assets of the planet. The possibility that the Earth is an endless wellspring of assets equipped for engrossing all the waste created by human movement loses its quality as this disposition, contingent upon the outcomes it produces, is viewed as a danger to social government assistance And our model of financial turn of events (Furtado and Belt, 2000). This hazard produces pressure from both society and governments in regards to the security of human and common assets and their supportability. The subject of Sustainable Development is in this manner picking up significance, and activities are starting to be focused of making this idea attainable by and by. Aside from government activities in this sense, numerous organizations are changing the manner by which they work together arou nd the globe: from a separated demeanor towards the supportability of the assets they use, to a disposition of consistence with enactment, to End up embracing a drawn out Sustainable Development system. This paper means to distinguish, through a hypothetical structure and examination of useful cases, the current connections between this difference in mindset in organizations and their ability to produce upper hands. The point here is to give a response to the subject of the versatility of eco-proficient practices to business systems through the production of upper hands. Could organizations create upper hands through activities and business practices perfect with Sustainable Development? How? Step by step instructions to limit ecological effect 'Zero Waste' is a lifestyle that means to lessen the measure of waste we discard, instead of reuse it. In Nature nothing is squandered, which isn't beneficial for a few, others exploit it. Reuse Only people have made items that, when utilized, are tossed for being futile. On account of the Tiny Opera We can take a case of nature and figure out how to utilize our assets with little signals in our everyday. Thusly, we will decrease the natural effect and ensure our condition, notwithstanding sparing. That is by utilization of sustainable power source. Grasping these schedules doesn't require a lot of exertion but then they help defend our future by safeguarding the earth and setting aside cash. The organization ought to have its own 'Zero Waste' Department in its natural division (Furtado and Belt, 2000). We give you a few keys to join the 'Zero Waste': Kill things you don't generally need to limit the utilization of products. Keep away from single-use questions that can be shed, for example, plastic packs and plastic dishes. Purchase items that can be reused or reused. Utilizing imagination you can find different utilizations for that object, as opposed to tossing it straightforwardly into the junk. Abstain from purchasing things that are produced using non-recyclable wrappings. Ensure that the bundling you utilize can be biodegradable, or reusable. You will significantly decrease the measure of waste. At the point when you go out on the town to shop, convey reusable sacks, or reuse the ones you as of now have. Try not to aggregate superfluous plastics. Purchase items in mass or with least bundling. Reuse compartments of valuable materials. methodologies for advancing familiarity with the manageability policycurrent improvements bomb generally in light of the fact that it meets the requirements for people not completely and corrupts or pulverizes asset base. We need a people-fixated improvement concentrated on improving the conditions for people, and simultaneously, be founded on protection and keep up the profitability and natures assortment. Hippie must concentrate more on preservation and advancement, as partners of the issue as opposed to otsiders of an imperative processes.Every system has a guided procedure and not an inflexible prescription.What is expected is that every network deciphers and adjusts . The world needs assorted practical social orders, accomplished from multiple points of view (Hill and Gale, 2009). Living in a maintainable manner relies upon the acknowledgment of the obligation to look for congruity with others and with nature. The core values are that in dividuals must share what they possess and need to think about the Earth. Humankind must not take from nature beyond what it can reestablish. This infers, thus, to embrace ways of life and examples of advancement that regard the restrictions of nature and capacity inside them. We can take a case of nature and figure out how to utilize our assets with little motions in our everyday. Along these lines, we will lessen the ecological effect and secure our condition, notwithstanding sparing References Freedman, M. also, Jaggi, B. (2010). Supportability, Environmental Performance and Disclosures. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Furtado, J. also, Belt, T. (2000). Monetary turn of events and natural supportability. Washington, D.C.: World Bank. Slope, J. also, Gale, T. (2009). Ecotourism and ecological maintainability. Farnham, England: Ashgate.

Food Van Business Plan Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Food Van Business Plan - Case Study Example Our lord gourmet specialist group will administer the entire procedure and guarantee that the wellbeing guidelines have followed. Our nourishments will improve the prosperity of our clients and consequently our food will be set up to have that at the top of the priority list (Myrick 2012, p.23). Our barbecued chicken is set up in a helpful manner utilizing new fixings. Each serving includes a thrilling taste that is speaking to the clients. Our fish and veggies are pre-whitened and cleanly arranged and fixed in a manner that is engaging the clients. The veggies are being cleaved and pressed newly to guarantee that their characteristic tastes are kept up. All requesting, loading and quality controls are overseen by on an in-house PC based framework empowering utilization examples to be observed keeping up requesting proficiency and limiting wastage. Our clients can have their requests conveyed at their goal inside the grounds. The business is a benefit making association will target guaranteeing that the creation cost is lower than the deals. Toward the start of every day, the van will show up at the help kitchen where the nourishments will be stacked with the day’s suppers. This will guarantee that the flexibly of requested food is steady and no burdens are experienced. Advancement of our items will be at offering endowments and dying down costs on specific days. These endeavors will keep up client faithfulness and guarantee that clients have trust in the sorts of nourishments we offer.â

Sleight of Hand

Skillful deception Skillful deception Skillful deception By Maeve Maddox A peruser inquires, What precisely is implied by â€Å"sleight of hand† and how would you articulate â€Å"sleight†? First the elocution: skill rhymes with light and may. The thing skill has been in the language since the thirteenth century. In early use, it implied â€Å"cunning utilized in order to deceive† and was frequently combined with words like quality and might to balance power with nuance. For instance, in people stories, powerless creatures that need physical quality frequently beat their more grounded foes by methods for skill. In like manner, government officials may try to get their points â€Å"by sleight† as opposed to â€Å"by force.† Afterward, the aptitudes of performers were alluded to as skill: The juggler’s skill, That with office of movement swindles The eye.- 1850 The expression â€Å"sleight of hand† is an interpretation of a French articulation: lã ©ger de primary, â€Å"light of hand.† The French articulation alludes to the exhibition of stunts where agile activity with the fingers deludes the eye of the onlooker. The French articulation exists in English spelled as single word: legerdemain. â€Å"Sleight of hand† is utilized truly to portray a magician’s strategies: In light of his nature with the deceptions of stage enchantment and skillful deception, Houdini was especially proficient at recognizing the duplicity that the supposed clairvoyants and soul mediums at that point selling their administrations as courses to the hereafter to the unsuspecting lamenting open usually utilized. All the more regularly, the articulation is utilized allegorically to portray logical procedures used to deceive and shape popular assessment: Government officials love setting us in opposition to the rich. It’s a smooth political skillful deception where government officials and their partners among the scholarly people, talking heads and the news media get us made up for lost time in the legislative issues of jealousy as a component of their motivation for more noteworthy command over our lives. [Educational problems] can be covered up by concentrating still progressively fault on instructors and instructor teachers as opposed to the fundamental causes. Duncans talk gives an ideal case of this political skillful deception. The way that these detainment facilities are present day isn't on the grounds that they are privatized, but since government arrangement has permitted just the private part to construct new penitentiaries. To presume that private detainment facilities in the UK gloat present day conditions essentially in light of the fact that they are privatized is to succumb to a political skillful deception. Equivalents for the strict importance of â€Å"sleight of hand†: competence deftness smoothness legerdemain expertise Equivalents for the allegorical importance of â€Å"sleight of hand†: duplicity trickery dissimulation dishonesty duplicity Need to improve your English quickly a day? Get a membership and begin getting our composing tips and activities day by day! Continue learning! Peruse the Expressions class, check our well known posts, or pick a related post below:Avoid Beginning a Sentence with â€Å"With†Expanded and Extended10 Tips for Clean, Clear Writing

Common UC Essay Topics

Common UC Essay TopicsA common way to prepare for the UC essays is to use a common essay topic. This is one of the most basic steps of writing a paper. When you have found a topic that you think is interesting, read over the information on the Internet to see what others have to say about the topic. Look for an idea and then work towards a good topic that will be fun to write.Make sure that your topic is well thought out. If you just want to produce a quick list of your ideas, then make sure that your list of ideas is short. If you want a longer list, make sure that you add some to it. Each time you read through an idea that you like, jot it down. You will find that you will have more ideas if you do this and more subjects that you can write about.Once you are ready to write a list of your ideas, the next step is to decide on a subject. You will probably come up with several things that you could write about. Select one and write about it. Be sure that you do not begin with a persona l attack, especially if you are writing an essay. You want to look at the point of view of your subjects.Some things that are important to look at are how the subject stands up against other fields. You may find that some fields are similar, but your topic may be different. Another thing to consider is whether the subject is new or not.You can use a personal point of view if you do not want to promote your school. You can also include some comments on how the subject affects your life. One of the best subjects to use when you are writing a paper on something that interests you is war. You can use this to cover a specific type of war that you would like to discuss.The common thesis topic is also a good subject to use. The argument for a thesis is usually found in the middle of the paper. You can use this to promote your school. If you want to talk about a certain type of animal, use the topic that corresponds to the type of animal that you would like to talk about. You can also use t his topic to talk about a particular event in your life or another type of topic.Some common subjects that can be used include history, religion, philosophy, arts, and business. You can also use popular movies to support your argument. You can use sports as a means to further support your argument. There are many different subjects that you can use to support your essay and it is up to you to find a topic that you would like to write about.The common essay topics is one of the best ways to learn about the topic. Using this process will help you to know about the subject before you start the paper.

Institutional and Corporate Drives of Global Talent Management Evidence from the Arab Gulf Region - Free Essay Example

Article Review: Institutional and corporate drives of global talent management evidence from the Arab gulf region Contents 1. Problems: 2. Need for this study in MBA: 3. Methodology: 4. Critical discussion: Limitations: Research scope: Future application and extension of the research: 5. Summary and conclusion: 1. Problems: The article that is selected discusses the fundamental principles for gaining effective ideas in talent management that is importantly a part of the efficient human resource management system that covers the recruitment and all the other relevant operations in organizations. The ideas are explicitly oriented from the happenings and events that have been undertaking in the gulf countries and hence the attributes of the generalized rules for the world talent management is developed and the ideas are accordingly established. The problems that are mainly highlighted in the report is that of the lack of local talent availability and outsourcing from foreign resources that evidentially burns a hole in the budget of the industries based in the ideas are also focused upon the challenges that are readily faced by the management personnel of the organizations to establish a sound quality management and selection procedure for the people. The issues that are regularly faced by the authorit ies of the organization to select and train the professionals who are freshly recruited and the ideas that are to be imbibed in order o effectively manage their respective talents. The strategic measurements to annihilate the problems faced in attaining balance between local adaptation and the global assimilation is accordingly highlighted in the study that has been proposed in the article. The gulf region is a developing platform and hence efficiency quotient is to be maintained accordingly. Thus the major problems that are faced in the field of institutional and corporate drives so as to attain an efficient talent management system is depicted as per the criterion. 2. Need for this study in MBA: The article delivers the metamorphic and practical ideas that aggravates the fabrication of strategic considerations and ideologies which are effectively derived and strategically oriented so as to develop the fundamental criteria that establishes the fundamental concepts of training and development of skills for the employees that in turn stakes the talent bar high which is necessarily important for the sustainability and growth of the organization and hence the ideas are essentially of significance in corporate governance and structural support system fabrication of the organization and are also an integral part of management principles. These reasons compel to orient the article towards an important position in the field of management and hence here by lies the main reasons for this article being needed in the MBA stream exquisitely in the Human Resource stream and talent management. 3. Methodology: The methodology that has been undertaken by the author to compile the arguments and comprehend the discussions and counter measurement of the issues for the effective conclusive idea designing is that of partially quantitative and qualitative. Firstly the numerical data for the local and global talents who all are working in the gulf markets are developed from the company records and databases, then there are managerial level professionals who all are sampled from across the entire gulf countries are interviewed and their respective ideas are deduced and hence the methods and the strategic considerations which are mandatorily used by the organizations which are functioning in the gulf region are accordingly obtained and the ideas are hence designed for the evaluation procedure that yields the final outcomes of the research. The methodology hence also contains effective and efficient reasoning by the researcher to evaluate the final outcomes and the decisive statements for the entir e research. 4. Critical discussion: The talent management is an effective and a much needed strategic unit in the human resource management panel that is organized by the company and the ideas provoke the higher rates of efficiency amongst the staff and thus yield positive results upon the organizational growth and development. The ideas are proposed in the article regarding strategizing a proper and tactical model for attaining effective talent management policies that readily deduces the fundamental elements of sustainability and instigates better performances by recruitment of talented individuals that should be fruitful for the organization in more ways than one. The ideas are to be drawn based upon the argumentative status and the development of the ideas also ensures the stabilized growth for the institutional and corporate drives that explicitly catalyses the growth processes of the organization. The discussion in the critical evaluation of the article can be effectively summarized as per the following categor ical heads which up holds the various characteristic attributes of the article. Limitations: The article evaluates the possibilities and the probabilities that are effectively are compiled by the authors to develop the ideas based upon the gulf countries only this in a way had been a factor that limits the research from being generalized and has given a more generic touch to the article. The ideas are drawn by interviewing the professionals across different regions of the gulf countries and this develops the ideas from the managerial point of view a different angle would have consolidated the research further if along with the higher authorities the recruits were also interviewed which would definitely have added a fresh perspective to the research and hence the arguments deduced at the end would have comprised of better back up theories and information. Research scope: The research has been extensive evaluation of institutional and corporate drives for effective talent management principles in organizations scattered across the gulf countries and are the ones which are comprehended after detailed experimentation and evaluation of the adhered topics and hence the ideas are analysed and developed accordingly to suggest the management teams to strategize better talent management programs for increasing the overall staff efficiency in an impressive manner and hence the ideas are obtained accordingly and the ideas are accurately shed light upon for the benefits of the organization. This also effects the balancing of the local and global adaptation norms of the organizations. There lies the scope of the research and hence the ideas are obtained accordingly with acute dissimilation of the article and critical evaluation of the same. Future application and extension of the research: The research as evidently seen is limited to the domain of the organizations functioning within the gulf region only and hence in future this can be extended over a global platform and hence diversified ideas can be obtained. The outcomes of the research can explicitly be applied in the normative approaches for human resourcing strategies and management of the same. The ideas are extensively applicable and are of immense value in practical world and have the capability to work wonders for the organization by heavily amplifying the talent quotient of the organizations and hence stabilize the operations and growth. 5. Summary and conclusion: The article summarizes the fundamental traits and attributes of talent management based upon the strategies undertaken by the organizations functioning across the gulf countries. The ideologies are based upon the interviews of the managerial personnel for the tactical evaluation of the strategies undertaken for the talent management in respective organizations and hence the strategic outcomes are comprehended by the researcher for the concept consolidation of the reader regarding the talent management and the essential adhered attributes. The fundamental techniques that are adapted are categorically deduced and discussed in the article. The report hereby evaluates the functional attributes and the characteristic properties of the article and the analysis is done accordingly as per the specified technical criteria which are steadily evaluated and expressed accordingly under selected categorical heads and thus the report may now be concluded.

Comparing The Sun Also Rises By Ernest Hemingway And Faulkner

In the novels, The Sun Also Rises by Ernest Hemingway and As I Lay Dying by William Faulkner, the protagonists experience a difficult, emotional event. Both Hemingway and Faulkner capture how the protagonists feel unwanted and alone when they go through a life changing experience. Hemingway and Faulkner capture this by using different writing styles to show how the characters cope with their emotions and feelings from the setback. Hemingway writes simplistic sentences to show how Jake Barnes puts off the idea of coping with the loss of his penis in the war. Faulkner uses long sentences to show that Darl Bundren attempts to cope with the loss of his mother, although she neglected him. In The Sun Also Rises, Jake Barnes suffers from losing†¦show more content†¦Jake decides to focus on the character Robert Cohn and his flaws. In the beginning of the book, Jake introduces him by saying, â€Å"Robert Cohn was once middleweight boxing champion of Princeton. Do not think that I am very much impressed by that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Hemingway 1). Jake describes Cohn to be insecure throughout the entire book, when really Jake is completely insecure of himself. Jake is not â€Å"impressed† by Cohn because he suffered from getting his nose flattened, which is nothing compared to Jake’s injury. Jake is continuously jealous of Cohn because he has an affair with Brett, which Jake will never physically be able to do. As he compares himself to Cohn, he becomes wrapped up in the drama of his alcoholic friends and forgets about his self worth. Jake ends up having a major identity crisis, trying to be the man he used to be before the war. In As I Lay Dying, Darl copes in a different way than Jake does by attempting to cope with the feelings he has from being emotionally wounded by the death of his mother, Addie. Growing up, Darl never received the proper attention from his mother because he was Anse’s child. Addie explains that Anse tricked her into having a nother child, she says, â€Å"Then I found that I had Darl. At first I would not believe it. Then I believed that I would kill Anse. It was as though he had tricked me†¦ (Faulkner 172). Darl had no control over the abandonment from Addie because was her internalShow MoreRelatedThe Influence of Realism and Naturalism on 20th Century American Fiction2205 Words   |  9 Pagespresenting the basic ideas and of these literary genres, literary examples of each, and then make connections between the two literary movements. Realism Modernism not only depicted American society after World War I accurately and unbiasedly, but also tried to find the solutions brought upon by the suffering created by the war (Elliott 705). The realistic movement of the late 19th century saw authors accurately depict life and its problems. Realists attempted to give a comprehensive pictureRead MoreLiterature and Language10588 Words   |  43 Pagesgrammatical and semantic aspects. 9.2.1 Foregrounding and grammatical form Consider the following examples, both of which describe inner city decay in the U.S. The first is from the Observer (29 November 1995) : ex.9-1 The 1960 dream of high rise living soon turned into a nightmare. In this sentence, there is nothing grammatically unusual or â€Å"deviant† in the way the words of the sentence are put together. However, in the following verse from a poem, the grammatical structure seems to beRead MoreLogical Reasoning189930 Words   |  760 Pagesthat a friend of hers got Giardia and had a bad experience with it. She doesnt want to risk having the same experience. When you hear the details, you understand why. The symptoms are chronic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, bloating, and fatigue. Also, she says, the park signs about Giardia are probably posted because the organisms cannot be killed by boiling. However, she admits that she isnt sure of her interpretation of the sign, and she agrees with Emilio that the nearby stream might

The Between Mind And Body - 1056 Words

There is no real answer for the question about if mind and body are the same or different, a person is made of mind and body and the both have different characteristics. Rene Descartes asked the question what am I. he gives and answer to the question by saying he is a thinking thig, if the body and mind are different from one other, mind can also continue with no body because it is not import for what he is. Moreover body is breakable and extender and mind is not breakable and non-extended, that is a reason they are different in nature. Rene Descartes settled the metaphysical differences between the body and mind, but he also have to think about the relationship between mind and body. Mind and body are two different substances with many properties. Moreover the mind and body communicate, its and everyday experience, the actions that we do every day is from our thoughts. The relationship between the body and mind is much more close and special, it cannot be regenerated with any other physical substances. When anywhere in the body is wounded we feel pain and tries to not get injured again. Desires and thoughts have a connection with how the body behaves but the mind is able to take control of the body Descartes assumes that if it is possible to conceive of one thing without the other, then those two things are not identical. The self is not a body, it’s not a physical thing without a body. He also argues that we can conceive of ourselves as existing. Thinking isShow MoreRelatedRelationship Between Mind And Body929 Words   |  4 PagesIn philosophy, Mind–body dualism is any theory that states that the mind and body are two distinct kinds of substances or natures. The problem of the relationship of the mind to body arose from the works of Renà © Descartes, a French philosopher and mathematician of the 17th-century who gave dualism its classical formulation or made it to be what it is today. Conceived from his famous â€Å"Cogito, ergo sum† (Latin) meaning â€Å"I think, therefore I am,† he developed a theory of the mind as a nontangible andRead MoreA Conversation Between Mind And Body1288 Words   |  6 Pagesin ones own mind. However in 65b Socrates states that in the search for knowledge, the body is not an ally but actually an obstacle, and that senses are never clear and cannot be trusted. However the body is the mean in which our mind obtains knowledge. Without the acquisition of senses as well as human interaction the mind is useless. The same goes to say that without a sound mind, the body itself is nothing more than a vegetable. 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Just as some people believe that meditation can clarify or synchronize the mind and body, my work is a process that symbolically expresses trauma, disease, and death, beyond what is apparent from a physical body, bringing about a similar synchronization. Recently, I have been exploring Francisco J. VarelasRead MoreThe Relationship between Mind and Body1005 Words   |  4 PagesThe relationship between mind and body seems like an important key to understand more about whether a person has a mental state or not. Many philosophers have developed many branches of philosophy to study the nature of mind and its relationship to body. From the conversation, the doctors’ positions actually represent one of the branches when they are discussing the mental states of the patient. Each branch has their own defenses. 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By drawing from three lines of thought, Descartes launches a powerful premise that the body is something distinct from the mind. He conceptualizes his argument by using the uncertainty of knowledge argument, appealing to God’s omnipotence, and describing the indivisibility of the body and mind. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to discussRead MoreTheoretical Relationship Between The Mind Body1193 Words   |  5 PagesAccording to different theories; the human mind and body may or may not have a correlation. In other words, there are explanations that concur that the mind and the body have a relationship of some kind. Yet there are other explanations that may disagreed and appose the fact that there is such an idea of the mind and body correlation. In this paper I will discuss the history of theories regarding the relationship between mind and body, as well as my understanding o f this relationship. I will alsoRead MoreThe Distinction between Mind and Body Essay605 Words   |  3 Pagesdistinction between the physical world, and the non-physical world. Within Descartes Meditations, he explains the fundamental differences between the mind and the physical world. The distinction is that matter is an unthinking, doubtable, and extended substance, meaning it extends in space. Whereas the soul is a thinking and unextended substance that cannot be doubted. My thoughts do not take up space, do not have a mass, and cannot be divided, unlike matter. Descartes concludes that mind and body areRead MoreDescartes: Relationship Between Mind and Body922 Words   |  4 PagesReal Distinction between the Mind and Body†, one important thing Descartes explores is the relationship between the mind and body. Descartes believes the mind and body are separated and they are two difference substances. He believes this to be clearly and distinctly true which is a Cartesian quality for true knowledge. I, on the other hand, disagree that the mind and body are separate and that the mind can exist without the body. First, I will present Descartes positi on on mind/body dualism and his

Open Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano - 1734 Words

Many books have discussed the history of Latin America and the influence that European powers had on the Americas. One of the many books written that has discussed the various aspects of Latin American history is the book, Open Veins of Latin America written by Eduardo Galeano. In his book, Eduardo Galeano reviewed the influences that European powers had in Latin America. The majority of the book focused on the ways in which countries in Latin America were exploited throughout their history. The overarching theme of Eduardo Galeano’s book was the exploitation of Latin America. Galeano argued that historically Latin America was exploited for welfare of both Portugal and Spain. Spanish and Portuguese explorers and conquistadors stripped the lands of the New World of natural resources and precious metals. Silver and gold were both precious metals that were highly coveted by European powers. Spain was able to promote its countries economic growth and develop business interests wit h in the New World. One of the places that were highly exploited was the city of Potosi that historically was the primary silver town in the Americas. Between the years of 1503 and 1660, Spain exported 185,000 kilograms of gold and 16 million kilograms of silver from the Americas to the Spanish port city of Sanlucar de Barrameda (Pg. 23). In the early 16th century Spain was a major power in Europe however in addition to being a major power in Europe they were also highly indebted to other countries.Show MoreRelatedOpen Veins of Latin America by Eduardo Galeano1585 Words   |  7 Pagesfirst discovered by European explorers, Latin America has supplied raw materials and labor to Europe and other locations around the world. Eduardo Galeano writes about the exploitation of native Latin Americans in his 1973 book Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent. Galeano takes a historical approach and examines colonial and post-colonial interactions between Eu ropeans and Latin Americans. He asserts that the native Latin Americans were essentially powerlessRead MoreOpen Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano Essay2023 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Open Veins of Latin America† by Eduardo Galeano primarily focuses on historical events following the â€Å"discovery† and colonization of Latin America. This book however, unlike many others has very distinct and contrasting ideas. In his historical piece, Galeano incorporates many peculiar ideas that have since caused controversy following the publishing of the book in the year 1973. As we examine the cover, the subtitle (â€Å"Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent†) gives us an antecedent of ourRead MoreOpen Veins Of Latin America By Eduardo Galeano2063 Words   |  9 Pagesâ€Å"Open Veins of Latin America†, by Eduardo Galeano tells the story of the history of both Latin America and parts of the Caribbean throughout the years and their struggle with pover ty and the powers who exploited the countries throughout their existence from the day they were conquer by Europeans and as the years went by. The book begins with the history of the conquest of the new land and the search for both gold and silver, how the Europeans enslaved of the Native Americans and how their populationRead MoreEssay on Latin American Veins are Still Open and Wounded1584 Words   |  7 PagesOctober 4, 2013 Open Veins of Latin America: Five Centuries of the Pillage of a Continent Book Review Latin American Veins are Still Open and Wounded Open Veins of Latin America is the book to remember. Uruguayan author Eduardo Galeano is responsible for the creation of this relevant and controversial masterpiece, which follows the history of Latin America and the Caribbean through centuries of struggle against poverty and those imperial powers who abused of Latin American resourcesRead MoreEssay on Latin American Dictatorship872 Words   |  4 PagesLatin American Dictatorship It is impossible to separate the history of military dictatorships in Latin America from the history of economic exploitation and of US intervention in the region. The history of slavery and other forced labor in the pursuit of large-scale agriculture and resource extraction in the time of the colonies has created a legacy of economic exploitation. This poverty and inequality has in many cases led to popular uprisings and calls for reform, which provided the reasonRead MoreThe Impact Of The Atlantic Slave Trade Influence Europe Economic Growth And Market Development Essay786 Words   |  4 Pagesinvolved in all three sides of the triangle trade that allowed the transportation of slaves from Europe to Africa where goods were traded for slaves and then those slaves were brought to the Americas for the cultivation food crops and other raw materials; these later were brought back to Europe, Africa and the Americas to be sold. Resistance and revolts against the trade of slave was stronge r in African areas where european demographic power was lower but â€Å"It was not until 1780s that increasing europeanRead MoreThe Lexus And The Olive Tree1118 Words   |  5 PagesDistinguishing between liberalism and political economic parts between â€Å"The Lexus and Olive Tree† and the â€Å"Open veins of Latin America† according to these two writers they both distinguish the concept about the future. The two writer view globalization and how it will benefit the countries. Political economics is the branch of knowledge discipline. In the two book capitalism is the trade and industry that is controlled by private owners for profit as being done so by the countries. The two booksRead MoreThe Inequality Of Latin America1673 Words   |  7 Pagesand fields and who served them, too, at table and in bed† (Chasteen 5). Many people would say this is where inequality in Latin America began, with colonization. However, colonization is just a small piece of the ro ots of inequality of the region, which actually started with the natives of the lands such as the Incas, Aztecs and Mayans. These three empires ruled most of the Latin American region and did so by conquering other native groups or tribes. The Empires had a ruling class or king that wasRead MoreThe Ancient Egyptian Hieroglyphics1412 Words   |  6 Pagesname of Eduardo Galeano writes about this concept of inclusion through writing in his book Open Veins of Latin America. He makes the argument that the reason authors write is to make sure that underrepresented voices are heard. In his words, â€Å"One writes, in reality, for the people whose luck or misfortune one identifies with - the hungry, the sleepless, the rebels, and the wretched of this earth - and the majority of them are illiterate. (p.12 Galeano)[3]. It is authors like Galeano describesRead MoreThe cure for ills of Democracy is More Democracy2828 Words   |  12 Pagesissues has become harder because we dont have th e necessary means to do it. Public opinion just simply does not exist because media is privatized and only represents an elite group. It is necessary to look at the case of North America from the outside. Comparing North America with Europe we can observe the big difference in the independent media. Independent media is not common in the US and it has to keep a low profile if it wants to exist. The majority of Television Networks have to be associated

Revenue Management Mixture of Science

Question: Discuss about the case study Revenue Management for Mixture of Science. Answer: Introduction Revenue management is a mixture of science and art to enhance the revenue obtained through various conditions. Revenue management is a tool used in management whose primary aim is enhancement of sales revenues through manipulation of the prices at which availability of fixed products such as airline seats or hotel rooms are made for sale in respect to the forecasted and current demand (Edwards 94-95, 2012). Consumer are nowadays very noticeable about the fact that whatever price they will have to pay for a hotel rooms or airline services it varies greatly based upon the point of how they make their decision of purchase and the availability of hotel rooms and airline e seats. This become different in the manner that customers understand the cost of these services/products has been comparatively new but accepted worldwide. Along with the development of the revenue management, usage of various analytical procedures for predicting customer demand and enhancing the inventory and to enhanc e revenue through price availability became much more technical and disciplined. To understand the perception of the customers and product price alignments properly, availability and placement with each and every customer segment is the main essence of this disciplines. History The catalyst for revenue management is the deregulation in the field of airline industry. Often the terms yield and revenue management gets confused, yet there is a major difference between both the disciplines. Prediction of the consumer behavior through forecasting demand and optimizing prices for several different types of products and segmenting markets whereas yield management refers that through inventory control revenues must be maximized. Hence a tactical application within the expanding field of revenue management is the yield management (Talluri and Van Ryzin, 2004). To cover fixed operating expenses by filling least number of seats was the reason revenue management was born. Once the expenses were met, the remaining capacity can be sold at higher prices to enhance revenue along with profit. Revenue Management in Hotel Industry The benefits of using the revenue management were understood by the hotel industry by witnessing the benefits the airlines industry received and due to that reason they also adopted the strategy but initially the techniques growth was held by. The reason behind this is the shortage of appropriate availability of the technology to manage date and the lack of meaningful in formations regarding the guests. The final challenge that the hotel industry face how to administer to manage the length of stay a feature which was not faced by the airlines industry (Vaeztehrani, Modarres and Aref 97-119, 2015). Definition and Calculation Occupancy A hotels occupancy rate is among the most important signs to measure success. Its a KPI Calculation of a hotel which portrays the percentage of rooms rented for a certain period of time. To recognize the average daily rates, forecast and apply revenue management it is important for hotels to keep a track of their occupancy rates. The occupancy rate of a hotel is evaluated by the division of the total number of occupied rooms with the total number of vacant rooms of that particular hotel (Soon Kim 25-47, 2010). For example, if a hotel consists of 200 rooms and 150 rooms of the hotel are occupied and the remaining 50 are vacant, then the occupancy rate of the hotel will be = (Total number of rooms occupied / Number of rooms total of the hotel) multiplied by 100 = (150 / 200) * 100 = 75% of occupancy. To increase occupancy rates of the hotel it has to use some strategies by using the length of stay procedure. For example, firstly when high demand period is anticipated the hotel must apply a rule of maximum length of stay which means only giving rooms to customers who will stay for longer periods instead of shorter periods. Secondly when rooms can given on high rates at that time also the above strategy can be applied an lastly, when there is a huge demand for rooms in the hotel, the hotel should apply the closed to arrival strategy which states giving rooms to those guest who were staying through from previous nights instead of them who arrived on the day in question. Hence this strategies can enhance the occupancy rate of any hotel (Agarwal 9-17, 2002). ADR Average Daily Rate or ADR is a statistic used mainly in the hospitality sector which states or indicates average room rent per day. It is a KPI (Key Performance Indicator) for calculating the average price or rate for each and every room that is sold for a particular day. Other KPIs except ADR are occupancy rates which we have described earlier and Rev PAR which will be described next ("Modelling And Prediction Of A DestinationS Monthly Average Daily Rate And Occupancy Rate Based On Hotel Room Prices Offered Online", 2015). All of these KPIs are used for measuring the performance of operating of a particular lodging unit which can be either a hotel or a motel. It is one of the most common financial indicators for measuring whether the performance of a particular hotel is successful against other hotels which have the similarity in the characteristics such as clientele, location, size, etc. Against the historical performance of a hotel ADR can be calculated. Calculation of ADR is very simple. It can be evaluated by division of the room revenue by the number of rooms sold or rented. For example = Room Revenue/Rooms Sold (Jeffrey 509-522, 1985). Complimentary rooms and house rooms are not included in the denominators. Rooms that are occupied by the hotel employees or management members are known as House Use are not included as they cannot be rented or sold hence they cannot generate income. Whereas complimentary rooms do not possess a concrete value hence for the calculation of sale hence they are also excluded. RevPAR Revenue per available room also known as (RevPAR) in short, is a statistic used for measuring financial performance in the industry of hospitality. It is a statistic which measures both the room occupancy and rates is among the most valuable measuring device of health within the hotel operators. It is calculated by multiplication of ADR (Average Daily Rate of rooms) by its rate of occupancy. It can also be calculated by division of total room revenue of a hotel by the total number of available rooms while the calculation is on process (Kimes 138-144, 1999). For example, the first method of calculation: (Total Room Revenue in a particular period, Net of Discounts, Sales Tax, and Meals) (Number of rooms available at that particular period) Another procedure to evaluate RevPAR is: Rate of Occupancy multiplied by Average Daily Room Rate Among all ratios used in the hotel industry RevPAR is the most important one. The rason behind it is that it calculates room rates as well as occupancy, a easy picture of how properly and effectively a company can fill its rooms is provided by this ratio and how much the company can charge is also portrayed. On the basis of per room RevPAR is calculated due to which one organization might accquire higher RevPAR than the other one yet revenues can be low if the other organization possess more rooms. This quality of RevPAR also makes it not helpful for a person who might try to assess two hotels or hospitality properties. Moreover growth in RevPAR never means that there is a increase in the hotels profit. The reason behind it is that it does not any information on profits or use any measures of profitability. Hence solely focusing on RevPAR, might lead to decline in revenue as well as profitability (Fabiola 315-323, 2007). Many managers of different hotels are turning completely toward s the ADR (Average Daily Rate) as their measurement for performance. The reason behind it is positioning of price is found as one primary drivers of a hotel occupancy. Hence, if rooms of a property is accurately priced, there must be a rise in its occupancy and there should also be an increase in its RevPAR. Understanding performance of the hotel and showing reasons According to the STR report the 3 key findings are : Occupancy rate The hotel is having high occupancy rate on average throughout the running 28 days STR report in comparison to its competitors. RevPAR Index The RevPAR index of the hotel is low as compared to the change percentage of the market. ADR The ADR (Average Daily Rate) comp set is better when compared to its compititors (Fabiola 315-323, 2015). Provided 2 additional ways to review competitor behavior A model used for investigating the environment in which an organization or a product works to createcompetitive advantage is called Michael Porters Five Force Model (Asad). Porters Five Forces analysisis done on measuring the following five primary areas: 1. The power of buyers 2. The threat of entry 3. The power of suppliers 4. Competitive rivalry (advantage), and 5. The threat of substitutes. Examples of yield management strategies shown to improve the hotel Forecast Demand The starting stage is to gauge vitality for your bound thing. Any person who is in this business for at whatever time period have absolutely seen there's a subject with reference to when vitality for rooms blows hot and cool. We undeniably understand that booking an over the top number of one-night keeps concentrated understood night like a Saturday assembles we are obliged to release more customers who need to book distinctive night stays taking everything into account that hot Saturday and a less-pervasive "shoulder" night (a night interfacing an ordinarily fathomed night). The trap is to assess early what number of rooms we have to keep down for those more beneficial, multi-night customers. While we can make some sensible suspicions in the setting of a day of the week, time of year, even current money related conditions, we can never be 100% certain that there will be a willingness for X number of rooms on either specific date (Emeksiz, Gursoy and Icoz 536-551, 2006). Rates Driving revenue by using different rates: Rack rates: The regular rate that guests are quoted. Based on category of room, type of bedding, and occupancy. Rates for groups and tours: Discounts for group of customers who book more than one or two rooms For offering tour operators to create continuous occupancy. Rates for promotion: For example, students, business travellers airline staff Discounts for regular markets Rates of packages: Inclusion of different elements Special events Timing Rise your costing when theres a huge demand, and offer useful discounts to lure deal petitioners when demand is not high. You can do this according to: Day of week Season Peak periods Time of day Up-selling cross-selling Procedures such as sell-up and cross-selling every customer are another ways to drive incremental revenue. Its a win-win situation as long as the customers are offered relevant extras: youre improving their experience residing with you, and even making it valueable your while. Some ideas: Transfers through shuttle Up gradation of rooms Hiring of equipments Activities tours Car rental Tickets for various events 4C Strategy of Yield Management Yield connection is the umbrella term for a procedure of structures that pull in most remote point obliged alliance business tries to see flawless pay from operations. Inside considered yield association is for giving the correct sponsorship of the exact client on accurate time at the exact cost. That idea wires careful essentialness of connection, client, time, and cost. The association can be depicted by estimations of the connection, how and when it is passed on, and how, when, and whether it is saved. Timing joins both the sorting out of the connection transport and the arranging of when the client makes known the stinging for the alliance, whether by reservation or by strolling around the business. Cost can be set by the timing of the association, the building of the reservation, the kind of connection, or as appeared by a different rule that has every one of the stories of being sensible. At long last, the client can be portrayed by qualities identifying with the alliance, the sorting out, and the cost. The perfect consequence of a compensation connection structure is to match clients' chance and alliance credits to their ability to pay-guaranteeing that the client gets the required relationship at the hurt for the time at a commendable cost, while the affiliation gets the most astounding pay conceivable given the client and business qualities(Bayraktaroglu and Kutanis 149-154, 2003). The fundamental levels of yield alliance can be abridged as four Cs: to be specific, date-book, clock, cut off, and cost. They are bound together by a fifth C: the client. The critical levels of yield connection are set up to sorting out alliance timing and surveying to clients' energy to pay for the relationship in a relationship with its masterminding. In the setting of clients' breathing room levels and qualities, the association can move the vitality of those clients who are in light of current circumstances regard unsteady yet time wanton to off-crest times. Moving that interest clears prime times for clients who are all around time delicate yet brought wanton. Stakeholders and communication with them for the better future of the hotel Stakeholders of a hotel: Manager (General) Manager (Assistant) Department of Food and Beverage Department of Marketing Department of Engineering Department of Accounting Room Department Human Resource Department Department of Laundry Department of Security Team of Web Designing Firstly the General Manager is the important stakeholder of the hotel with whom communication of yield management strategy must be done. He should be given responsibility for enhancing the strategy of Right Hotel Room Pricing; which stated that the rooms should be priced according to the different situations the hotel is facing or might face which can be anticipated such as anticipation of huge demand of room at a particular period or on any occasions. Secondly the Food and Beverage Department is also an important stakeholder of the hotel (Caneen and Gu 109-110, 1998). This department must realize the strategy of yield management as this department is associated with supply of food and beverages to the customers they must also follow the strategy of Up Selling and Cross-Selling. Lastly the Assistant manager is also the main pillar of the company hence he should be communicated about the Forecast demand strategy of yield management for the betterment of the hotel (Verginis and Stephen Taylor 358-376, 2004). Other areas for revenue management defined Techniques such as revenue management can be used by hotels for evaluating the total revenue potential from its customers through revenues from :- Spa Services Charging the guests for the spa service the hotel provides to the customers (Kimes and Singh 82-95, 2008). Business Centre Services Charging the delegates or the customers of the hotel for renting the banquet halls or any other business conference centre for conducting their business seminers or meetings. References Agarwal, V. "An Analysis Of Smith Travel Research Occupancy Estimates: A Case Study Of Virginia Beach Hotels".The Cornell Hotel and Restaurant Administration Quarterly43.2 (2002): 9-17. Web. Asad, Mohiuddin. "Porter Five Forces Vs Resource Based View - A Comparison".SSRN Electronic Journaln. pag. Web. Bayraktaroglu, Serkan and Rana Ozen Kutanis. "Transforming Hotels Into Learning Organisations: A New Strategy For Going Global".Tourism Management24.2 (2003): 149-154. Web. Caneen, Jeff and Zheng Gu. "Yield Management And Its Practical Application In Hotels".The Journal of Hospitality Financial Management6.1 (1998): 109-110. Web. Edwards, Sarah. "Revenue Management: Maximising Revenue In Hospitality Operations".Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management12.1 (2012): 94-95. Web. Emeksiz, Murat, Dogan Gursoy, and Orhan Icoz. "A Yield Management Model For Five-Star Hotels: Computerized And Non-Computerized Implementation".International Journal of Hospitality Management25.4 (2006): 536-551. Web. Fabiola, Sfodera. "Examining The Determinants Of Room Rates For Hotels In Capital Cities: The Oslo Experience".Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management5.4 (2007): 315-323. Web. Jeffrey, D. "Trends And Fluctuations In Visitor Flows To Yorkshire And Humberside Hotels: An Analysis Of Daily Bed Occupancy Rates, 19821984".Regional Studies19.6 (1985): 509-522. Web. Kimes, S. E. and S. Singh. "Spa Revenue Management".Cornell Hospitality Quarterly50.1 (2008): 82-95. Web. Kimes, S. E. "The Relationship Between Product Quality And Revenue Per Available Room At Holiday Inn".Journal of Service Research2.2 (1999): 138-144. Web. "Modelling And Prediction Of A DestinationS Monthly Average Daily Rate And Occupancy Rate Based On Hotel Room Prices Offered Online".Tourism Economics(2015): n. pag. Web. Rhee, Hosung Timothy and Sung-Byung Yang. "Does Hotel Attribute Importance Differ By Hotel? Focusing On Hotel Star-Classifications And Customers Overall Ratings".Computers in Human Behavior50 (2015): 576-587. Web. Soon Kim, Hong. "Hotel Property Characteristics And Occupancy Rate".International Journal of Tourism Sciences10.3 (2010): 25-47. Web. Talluri, Kalyan T and Garrett Van Ryzin.The Theory And Practice Of Revenue Management. Boston, Mass.: Kluwer Academic Publishers, 2004. Print. Vaeztehrani, Amirhossein, Mohammad Modarres, and Samin Aref. "Developing An Integrated Revenue Management And Customer Relationship Management Approach In The Hotel Industry".Journal of Revenue and Pricing Management14.2 (2015): 97-119. Web. Verginis, Constantinos S. and J. Stephen Taylor. "Stakeholders' Perceptions Of The DCF Method In Hotel Valuations".Property Management22.5 (2004): 358-376. Web.

A duty of care was owed by Aldi Supermarkets - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Questions: 1. Discuss about theA duty of care was owed by Aldi Supermarkets. 2. Discuss about theThe duty of care was breached by Aldi Supermarkets. Answers: Introduction Negligence is covered under the tort laws, which denotes the breach of duty of care, which a person had owed to another, due to undertaking such acts, which had the potential of injuring the other party (Harvey and Marston, 2009). The following parts analyse the case of Tamara in context of negligence and its different aspects. IRAC Analysis Issue 1 A duty of care was owed by Aldi Supermarkets. Rule 1 In order to make a claim of negligence, there is a need to clearly proof that a duty of care had been owed by the defendant to the plaintiff. For this purpose, reliance needs to be made to Donoghue v Stevenson [1932] UKHL. In this case, the court held that the manufacturer owed a duty of care to the consumer. This was because there was proximity between the two, where the actions of one could affect the other (Strong and Williams, 2011). Also, there was direct causation in terms of Donoghue falling sick due to consumption of adulterated drink owing to the dead snail found in the bottle. Here, the risk of contamination was foreseeable in nature also, resulting in duty of care being upheld (Lunney and Oliphant, 2013). Application 1 The given case shows that Aldi Supermarket was in proximity to Tamara and their actions had the impact of hurting Tamara. A wet floor has the foreseeability of injury taking place and thus had to be kept clean to avoid any incidents. Applying the case of Donoghue v Stevenson, Tamara was a consumer and care had to be taken towards her. Conclusion 1 Thus, a duty of care was owed by Aldi Supermarkets to Tamara. Issue 2 The duty of care was breached by Aldi Supermarkets. Rule 2 A standard of care has to be applied when the defendant performs the duty which they undertake. Where this standard of care is not applied, the duty of care is deemed to be breached. An example of this is Paris v Stepney Borough Council [1951] AC 367. In this case, the breach of duty of care was upheld when the council failed in providing the safety gear to their worker, which ultimately resulted in the worker being, blinded (Latimer, 2012). Application 2 In this case, Aldi Supermarkets failed in keeping the floor clean particularly when the floor was wet and a standard of care required to be adopted by the supermarket. This would be deemed as a breach of duty of care, particularly because Tamara fell down and got injured. Conclusion 2 Thus, the standard of care was not upheld, resulting in duty of care being breached. Issue 3 The injuries sustained by Tamara were not too remote. Rule 3 When a person is injured as a result of the undertaken negligence of the defendant, there is a need for the injury to be substantial. It is also important that the damage was foreseeable. In this context, the view of a prudent person has to be adopted as per Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt (1980) 146 CLR 40. This is in addition to the remoteness being an issue. The damages are not awarded where the chances of occurrence of the injury are too remote. Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd [1961] UKPC 2 is an example where the damages were not awarded as the damages were too remote. In order to establish if damages are to be paid to the plaintiff, but for test has to be applied based on Barnett v Chelsea and Kensington Hospital [1969] 1 QB 428. In this case, it has to be analysed if the injuries would have taken place had the duty of care not been breached (Turner, 2013). Application 3 In the given case study, it has already been shown that the duty of care was contravened by Aldi Supermarkets. It is also clear that Tamara got injured and broke her back, which required her to go to hospital resulting in damages of $700,000. The slippage on wet surface is reasonable based on view of prudent person as per Wyong Shire Council v. Shirt. Also, the damages here were not remote unlike the case of Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering Co Ltd. Lastly, the injuries would not have been caused to Tamara, had the standard of care been taken by Aldi Supermarkets. Conclusion 3 Thus, the damages sustained by Tamara were not too remote. Issue 4 Aldi Supermarkets can use contributory negligence against Tamara. Rule 4 When a claim of contributory negligence is raised by the plaintiff, the defendants also raise counter allegations, and in this regard, the defence of contributory negligence is of assistance. Contributory negligence shows the contribution of the plaintiff in the injury caused to them. And for giving proper justice to the matter, where contributory negligence is established, the damages awarded to the plaintiff are reduced by the court, on the basis of their own discretion, which is ultimately based on the degree of contribution made by the plaintiff towards their injuries (Dongen, 2014). Hamilton v Duncan [2010] NSWDC 90 is of assistance in this matter. This case had the plaintiff having the knowledge of the hole being present, which was deemed as contributory negligence (Bannerman, 2015). A key case matching the case study is that of Raad v KTP Holdings Pty Ltd as Trustee for VM KTP Nguyen Family Trust [2016] NSW 2016 888, where the plaintiff had slipped on wet tiles of the store and made a claim of negligence. In this, the speed of plaintiff was deemed as a contributory factor, resulting in damages being brought down by 10% (Devitt, 2016). Application 4 In this case, Tamara could be held liable for contributory negligence as she rushed towards the isle on seeing the other consumer. She knew that running would be risky on wet tiles, as per Raad v KTP Holdings Pty Ltd as Trustee for VM KTP Nguyen Family Trust. As per Raad v KTP Holdings Pty Ltd as Trustee for VM KTP Nguyen Family Trust, the speed would be deemed as factor in her injuries and the damages would be reduced accordingly. Conclusion 4 Thus, Aldi Supermarkets can use contributory negligence against Tamara. References Bannerman, D. (2015) Contributory Negligence In "Slip And Fall" Cases - No Control Over The Plaintiff's Own Action Or Inaction?. [Online] Bannermans Lawyers. Available from: https://www.bannermans.com.au/insurance/articles/public-liability/331-contributory-negligence-in-slip-and-fall-cases-no-control-over-the-plaintiff-s-own-action-or-inaction [Accessed on: 10/01/18] Devitt, S. (2016) A slip up - shopping centre liable for slip and fall on wet tiles. [Online] Lexology. Available from: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=bdcef724-3c2e-482d-9d74-540bc1a44d6c [Accessed on: 10/01/18] Dongen, E.V. (2014) Contributory Negligence: A Historical and Comparative Study. Boston: Brill Nijhoff. Harvey, B., and Marston, J. (2009) Cases and Commentary on Tort. 6th ed. New York: Oxford University Press. Latimer, P. (2012) Australian Business Law 2012. 31st ed. Sydney, NSW: CCH Australia Limited. Lunney, M., and Oliphant, K. (2013) Tort Law: Text and Materials. 5th ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Strong, S.I., and Williams, L. (2011) Complete Tort Law: Text, Cases, Materials. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Turner, C. (2013) Unlocking Torts. 3rd ed. Oxon: Routledge.

Post Olympic Effects on Hospitality Industry free essay sample

Aim: To identify the issues that the hospitality industry may be faced with  post Olympics 2012 and to recommend  strategies to overcome the reduction in the business to hospitality organisations. Objectives: 1. To study the opportunities in the hospitality industry during Olympic 2012 2. To evaluate the impact of post Olympics 2012 on hospitality industry. 3. To recommend the strategies to the hospitality industry to survive post Olympic downfall in business The London Olympics is spending a huge amount of money for the Olympic Games and for their facilities.Preparing for the Olympics, hospitality industry needs to consider the impact of tourists during the Olympics time and beyond. It involves the pre and post Olympic stays of the tourist. The hoteliers are creating a unique atmosphere and spending lots of money for the Olympics. Hospitality industry has challenges to recover all the money which they spend for Olympics, which depends on the strategies which they will use after post Olympics. We will write a custom essay sample on Post Olympic Effects on Hospitality Industry or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Olympic Game is now becoming the most important event in the calendars of sport tourism and is also acting as a catalyst for the growth of a tourism destination’s product.It is very important to examine the pre-games impact and contrasting them with post games results, researching the works of various authors on the same topics pulls up the threat of vast differences. It is very obvious that there is essential need for more rigorous and standardized industry method to reduce the differences to minimum. The reports of DCMS suggests that there is an inadequate attention and underestimation of importance is being paid to what could be the most important period of all that is the post Olympic period and there is also an overall lacking in understanding the behavior of Olympic tourists.It is very vital to evaluate the post games impact of Olympics on Hospitality as a great deal of money and time is invested into predicting the impacts of the games, the Games suffer from a lack of ex-post analysis. London 2012 will provide an opportunity for UK to generate extra revenue as sport tourism is now considered to be in the introduction phase to the tourism product lifecycle, London now has achieved the position which could help to maintain a unique competitive advantage through tailoring the product to the contemporary tourists.London 2012 Olymdspic Games Vi sit Britain’s aim’s to use cultural and sporting activities to improve the quality of life, support the pursuit of excellence, creative and leisure industries, and champion the tourism. It will also track progress, monitor and implement as follows: BHA will work towards a new tourism growth target for 2008-11, and later a further target for 2012-15, and monitor progress towards those targets. The Strategy will be to maximize the legacy through effective post-games marketing and make London and Britain â€Å"must see destinations’. DCMS, Visit Britain and Visit London published Winning in 2007 after consulting the local tourism agencies and tourism industry, Visit Britain (2011). Wining is the revised document emerged after consultation and its envisaged programmed will run until 2017. It was an enviable task to write a strategy that would embrace the whole of UK, yet accurate to make the most of the opportunity provided by the London 2012 games . The document also mentions more specific targets and aspirations, as in how through tourism extra revenue will be generated using London 2012 games.For example, it showcases an explicit objective that would help in reversing the decline in domestic overnight stays which explains lack of interests or attention on cultural tourism. Although they mentioned about new festivals, the desire to imitate Australia which achieved success by utilizing the 2000 games and contributed extra thirty percent through cultural activities in international tourist participation and the c ultural Olympiad. Can these aims prove feasible/how realistic they can be?A strategy called Winning was published in the year 2007 which was supported by researchers and prominent economist from UK, who claim that the London 2012 Olympics can unveil an opportunity to UK to add ? 2. 1 billion additional revenue to the overall tourism benefits. The substantial economic bequest written is, there will be a dramatic increase in the number of tourist spending, which is merely supported or justified with the aid of their positive projection. The accent on estimated revenue by tourism as a vital monetary consequence of the event allows an appealing negation.The Tourism policy is also being marginalized in organizational structures and strategy scaffolds of broader Olympic development. Visit Britain and Visit London is forecasting that amid 50-70% of the net economic profit of organizing the games measures over 7-10 year period will amass through tourism. These forecasts are a result of â€Å"ex- ante† monetary collision analysis which is reputably unpredictable. (Kronbalatt, 2006) and (Crompton, 1995) indeed suggest vigilance when taking into account such tourism projection for Olympic profits. By developing three estimates of its most probable effects (Blake, 2005) accredited the vague economic results of the Olympic Games. The central case suggests that there can be an increase of 1. 5% to the UK’s tourism amid 2012 and 2016. However possible consequences can range amid a probable decrease by 4% or increase in 7%. To ascertain the correctness of these forecasts, the report also contains ways on how to observe the effects. The only facet that initiates concern is that being so close to the event, the UK had failed to have an initiates in the earlier part as Sydney did.Winning, a strategy which was published in 2007 is supported by suggestions from economists, researches and postulates that the 2012 games will provide them an opportunity to generate ? 2. 1 billion in additional tourism benefits (DCMS, 2007, p. 17). The main tangible economic legacy of the games will be an increase in the number of visitors spending is justified with the help of their optimistic projection. The emphasis on Tourism revenue as the key economic outcome of the games allows an interesting contradiction.Tourism policy has been marginalized both in the organizational structures and policy framework of wider Olympic planning. Visit Britain and Visit London is estimating that between 50-70% of the net economic benefits of staging the event measured over 7-10 year period will accrue through tourism. Such forecast are the outcome of â€Å"ex-ante† economic impact analyses which are notoriously unreliable (Crompton, 1995). Kornblatt (2006) certainly recommends caution when considering the tourism projections of â€Å"Olympic benefits†.These positions are reaffirmed by academic analyses. By developing three estimates of its likely effects (Blake, 2005) acknowledged the uncertain economic outcomes of the 2012 games. According to Blake’s â€Å"Central Case†, the most likely outcome is that there can be an increase in tourism to the UK of 1. 5% between 2012 and 2016. However, Blake also suggests that the effects could range between a reduction of 4% and an increase of 7%. To establish the accuracy of these forecasts, the report also includes measures on how to monitor the effects. The only aspect that initiates worries is that, being so close to the games, the UK does not almost have any initiatives similar to that of Sydney, where effects of longitudinal tourism were monitored by groups that began working well before the 2000 games and which included a strong representation from the academic community ( e. g. , see Faulkner et al. ,2001). To recommend the strategies to the hospitality industry to survive post Olympics downfall in business: According to a stark warning from the European Tour Operators Association issued for the start of British Tourism Week LONDON tourism is â€Å"running away† from the U.K. rather than toward it. The main concern was the shortage of availability of hotel space at â€Å"reasonable market rates† in London during Olympics period. ETOA’s Executive director, Tom Jenkins had said that the European tour operators are â€Å"most concerned that the U. K. in general is underperforming on the worldwide tourism market†, citing a 105% U. K. 10-year growth figure compared to 130% growth in European tourism and 195% worldwide. On the other hand along with raising problems with the taxation system and the complications and restrictions imposed with getting a U. K visa, Jenkins also highlighted â€Å"a core postulated that London will have bonanza year for business in 2012† as leading to overpricing and a potential pre- and post-Olympics â€Å"crater† in the hotel market. He also warned this Olympic effect could have much longer lasting implications. According to the research made by us we would recommend the following strategies for the issues: UK hoteliers should be able to position themselves for the London Olympics: Hoteliers need to consider the before and after impact of visitors coming for the Olympics or arranging the vacation holidays around the time of the event.They need to consider the impact of the event itself. It should be mainly focused in terms of occupancy and rate and most of the hotels should have sophisticated models in place to deal with these issues Smith and Stevenson (2009) . London hoteliers should incorporate Olympics related ideas into their packages: The hoteliers should use the occasion to create a unique atmosphere. It is important that all the UK hotels recognizes that it will have to step up to the plate and offer a world-class welcome to what could possibly be completely new inbound markets Gibson (2010). Improving customer service: People expect best service when they come to visit the country for the Olympics. In this situation many skilled workers are required for providing a good experience for the visitors. The hotels must employ sufficient staff, as well as well trained chef to work flexibly and must be able to cope up the pressure. They should employ people who will welcome the visitors in a helpful manner and in a professional way. They should also have good language skills as well as they must be aware of disability requirements and other cultural ideas, Red White and Blacks (2011).Need to increase accessibility: The Paralympics games are going to attract nearly 4,500 athletes, the tourism business must strive to provide reliable information about accessible facilities and must understand the need of the visitors mainly the disabled people. They should explore the possibility of the research of the effectiveness of disability awareness training in the tourism industry. They should also consider the disability training as a part of gold standard customer service workImprove skills and retention of the staff: For the last two years more than half of the managers do not have minimum management qualifications. There is a severe shortage of skilled chefs. The main backdrop of the hospitality industry is high rate of staff turnover which costs approximately ? 1 billion each year. The employers should check for the qualification reform while recruiting new staffs. The industry must check more for employee benefits as well to retain the employees Kirkup Major (2006) Bibliography:

Free Essays on Lawyers

Lawyer Lawyers are advocates and advisors in our society. They represent one of the parties in court such as the accuser or the defendant; presenting evidence and arguing in court for its client. Lawyers counsel and advice their clients regarding their legal rights. A lawyer’s job depends in their field of study whether its bankruptcy, probate, international or elder law. All lawyers study law and judicial decisions and apply the law. Most lawyers work in the fields of intellectual property where they help the clients protect its claims. Most lawyers are employed by private practice; there they concentrate in criminal or civic law. Lawyers in criminal law represent those who have been charged for a crime and argue their case in courts of law. Civic law lawyers assist clients with wills, trusts, contracts and leases along with other things. Although most of the lawyers are employed by the government there are also lawyers employed for legal-aid that serve for disadvantage people. Most of the work done by a lawyer is done in offices, law libraries and courtrooms. Lawyers are also sometimes employed full time by a single client. â€Å"They also sometimes met the client’s at their home, places of work and sometimes even in prison and hospitals or the place of need of the client. Most lawyers work long hours such as 50 hours or more per week, but most construct a work schedules. Most of the irregular work is conducted while researching, conferring with clients or preparing brief on office hours.† (www.bls.gov/oco/home.htm). Some lawyers may travel to attend meetings or gather information, and appear in courts or at legislative bodies. The training for a lawyer differs, but the person must be licensed, or admitted to its bar. To qualify for the bar exam the person must earn a college degree and must have graduated from law school. â€Å"The formal education for lawyers includes a 4 year college degree, 3 years in l... Free Essays on Lawyers Free Essays on Lawyers Lawyer Lawyers are advocates and advisors in our society. They represent one of the parties in court such as the accuser or the defendant; presenting evidence and arguing in court for its client. Lawyers counsel and advice their clients regarding their legal rights. A lawyer’s job depends in their field of study whether its bankruptcy, probate, international or elder law. All lawyers study law and judicial decisions and apply the law. Most lawyers work in the fields of intellectual property where they help the clients protect its claims. Most lawyers are employed by private practice; there they concentrate in criminal or civic law. Lawyers in criminal law represent those who have been charged for a crime and argue their case in courts of law. Civic law lawyers assist clients with wills, trusts, contracts and leases along with other things. Although most of the lawyers are employed by the government there are also lawyers employed for legal-aid that serve for disadvantage people. Most of the work done by a lawyer is done in offices, law libraries and courtrooms. Lawyers are also sometimes employed full time by a single client. â€Å"They also sometimes met the client’s at their home, places of work and sometimes even in prison and hospitals or the place of need of the client. Most lawyers work long hours such as 50 hours or more per week, but most construct a work schedules. Most of the irregular work is conducted while researching, conferring with clients or preparing brief on office hours.† (www.bls.gov/oco/home.htm). Some lawyers may travel to attend meetings or gather information, and appear in courts or at legislative bodies. The training for a lawyer differs, but the person must be licensed, or admitted to its bar. To qualify for the bar exam the person must earn a college degree and must have graduated from law school. â€Å"The formal education for lawyers includes a 4 year college degree, 3 years in l...

The Santa Clause Quotes

The Santa Clause Quotes The Santa Clause is a 1994 movie starring Tim Allen, about Scott Calvin, a man who injures Santa Claus on Christmas Eve. He and his son Charlie find Santas sleigh and reindeer (the jolly old elf is nowhere to be found), and they finish his Christmas Eve toy deliveries. But when Scott and Charlie go to the North Pole to return the sleigh, they discover the catch: Scott is now the new Santa, and has to take on his responsibilities. Scott at first has trouble believing what happened was real, but Charlie remembers everything and starts telling people his dad is Santa Claus. This causes friction with Charlies mother, Scotts ex-wife Laura. Eventually, with the help of a magical snow globe, Scott accepts his new role, and he smoothes things over with Laura so that he can be a part of Charlies life.   The movie was a critical and box office success  and resulted in two sequels (that were not as well-received as the original).   Here are some memorable quotes from the movie The Santa Clause.   Quotes from Scott Calvin Merry Christmas to all, and to all a good night! When I get home, Im getting a CAT scan! Can we take a direct flight back to reality, or do we have to change planes in Denver? Who gave you permission to tell Charlie there was no Santa Claus? I think if were going to destroy our sons delusions, I should be a part of it. Well kids, I certainly hope you have been good this year because it looks like Santa just took out the Pearson home. Charlie, stay away from those things. Theyre reindeer, you dont know where theyve been. They all look like theyve got key lime disease. Quotes from Charlie Calvin You said you believe in Santa Claus, right Dad? Charlie:  Whoa, Dad! Youre flying! Charlie: Get the bag of toys. Scott: And do what? Charlie: Go down the chimney. Scott: Down the chimney? You want me to take the toys down the chimney into a strange house in my underwear? Bernard: Hey, how are you doing? Scott: Im just saying good-bye to Charlie. Bernard: What good-bye? Charlie, youve still got the glass ball I gave you, right Charlie: Yeah. Bernard: Well, all youve got to do is shake it, whenever you want to see your dad. He can come back to visit you any time day or night. Charlie: Really? Bernard: Have I ever steered you wrong? Quotes From Other Characters in The Santa Clause Laura: All Neil told him was that Santa was more of a feeling. More of a state of mind than an actual person. Little Elf Judy:  Seeing isnt believing. Believing is seeing. Mr. Whittle:  You should see a doctor, a shrink, a dietician, anything.  I dont know whats happening to you. Youre starting to look like the Pillsbury Doughboy. E. L. F. S. Leader:  Were your worst nightmare... Elves with attitude. Bernard:  In putting on the suit and entering the sleigh, the wearer waives any and all right to any previous identity, real or implied, and fully accepts the duties and responsibilities of Santa Claus, in perpetuity to which ​time the wearer becomes unable to do so by either accident or design.

Different view of Death Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Different view of Death - Essay Example Although death has been part of life for a long time, people have failed to acknowledge that death is inevitable. Living in denial concerning death has, therefore, existed as a common aspect of humanity. Lack to accept that death is an inevitable part of humanity is a major aspect that characterizes the two poems. This essay will, therefore, investigate the different views of death according to the two poems. Although the two poets agree on the inevitability of death, they have varying views concerning people’s preparedness towards death and our role in waiting for the inevitable death. According to Mary, death is the main challenge that affects humanity. Mary considers humans as helpless creatures in relation to death. Therefore, the only thing that people can do is to wait or prepare for their death. The poem When Death Comes shows that the author is concerned about the nature of life when death finally finds her. Unlike Mary, Donne considers death helpless thing though inev itable. According to the poet, people have a chance to challenge death. The poet view life as an opportunity to challenge death (Online-literature web). The work that people do during their life is a form of preparation for our death. The poet argues that people have a chance to challenge death by not dying as poor people. ... Unlike Mary Oliver, John Donne believes that life is a form of transformation from one form of life to the other. On the other hand, Mary has different views towards life and death. Her poem shows uncertainty about life and death. In the third line of When Death Comes, it is claimed, â€Å"death comes like a bear in autumn† (Panhala web). This line implies that she is not concerned with life after death as much as she is concerned with the nature of her death. Although death is inevitable, it is the only chance that humans have to come close to nature. Despite the numerous technological developments about humanity, it has been difficult to find or come up with a remedy for death. The two poets reflect this phenomenon. Death is the only thing that human beings have in common with the rest of nature. People start life the same way as the rest of nature but go through different process as compared to other living organisms. However, like other living organisms, we all have to mee t our death. The basic reason why people investigate death results from the fear that people have concerning death. Although most people do not fear their own deaths, it is evident that people fear losing a loved one. The fear of death is a common aspect that differentiates the views of the two poets concerning death. According to Donne, people should not be afraid of death because they have a chance of dealing with it. Donne considers people to have a chance of facing death or doing something about death. This indicates that the poet is not afraid of death or implications of death in his own life or the life of a loved one. On the other hand, Mary’s poem expresses her fears concerning the inevitable death and its implication in her life and the life of

UAE Fashion History Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

UAE Fashion History - Research Paper Example This essay analyzes the fashion industry of the United Arabs Emirates, that is a country reach with several resources and is located on the Arabian Peninsula. The country is made up of seven states that combined to form UAE. Its history is rich in trade dating back when the Islam was involved in trade with people from other nations. Its location between Europe, India and China makes it a good market for international trade. In the 19th century, the British signed several treaties with individuals from UAE that made it get the name â€Å"The Trucial States.† The agreement was that the UAE was not to dispose of to any other country other than the UAE and in return, the UK would protect their coasts from any invading danger. In the 19th century, the pearling industry was the main source of employment for the people of the UAE. However, the Japanese invention and economic depression of 1920 led to the closure of the pearl industry. The country relies greatly on oil that was first drilled in 1930. Economic growth in the country has also been attributed to the fact that the fashion industry has tremendously grown over the years. People in the UAE appreciate fashion, and this has led different designs cropping in the market. The fashion industry in the UAE aims at being the best today. In so doing, it aims at broadening its market to other countries far from the Middle East. The industry has experienced a lot of growth over the years and will experience more growth if it continues delivering such impressive and artistic designs.

John Scope Monkey Trial :: essays research papers

The ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union) were already aware that the Act was likely to become law because it had been passed by the lower house of the Tennessee legislature by a landslide (in January, 1925). After a few false starts, the ACLU sent a press release to several Tennessee newspapers, such as the Chattanooga Daily Times, announcing that they would provide legal assistance, etc. for a school teacher in Tennessee who would be willing to stand trial for having taught evolution in a public school so that a test case could be mounted to challenge the constitutional validity of the Act. Encouraged by George Rappelyea, (a mining engineer who managed six local coal and iron mines owned by the Cumberland Coal Company), a group of leading citizens in the small town of Dayton* - the "drug store conspirators" - decided to accept the ACLU's offer, in the hope that the publicity surrounding the trial would help to reverse the town's declining fortunes. On May 4th the group recruited John Scopes, football coach and occasional stand-in teacher at Rhea County High School as the subject for the test case, on the basis that he had taught from the section on evolution in Hunter's A Civic Biology - the State-approved textbook. (* Dayton is situated in the valley between the Cumberland Plateau and the Appalachian Mountains. It is just a few miles West of a line from Chattanooga (36 miles to the Sou' Sou' West) to Knoxville (79 miles to the North East).) Rappelyea sent a telegram to the ACLU's New York office. The ACLU replied promptly, accepting his proposal. Scopes was charged on May 7th with having taught evolution on April 24th, 1925. A preliminary hearing on May 10th bound him over pending a specially convened Grand Jury hearing on May 25th. The membersof the Grand Jury, who are well aware of the true purpose of the charge against Scopes, handed down an indictment and Scopes was instructed to present himself at the Rhea County court house for trial on the morning of July 10th. At no time was Scopes held in jail on this charge which, by the way, was only classed as a "misdemeanor", not a "crime." The Overture On hearing about the trial, from the leaders of the WFCA (World's Christian Fundamentals Association), on May 12th William Jennings Bryan volunteered his services to the prosecution. By the end of that week Clarence Darrow had contacted Scopes with an offer to appear pro bono for the defense.

Doubt Is the Key to Knowledge

Doubt is the key to knowledge† (Persian Proverb). To what extent is this true in two areas of knowledge? Firstly, to understand fully the proverb, definitions should be given. Doubt is the psychological status of being stuck between believing and disbelieving, involving uncertainty and distrust in a particular situation or issue or when there is lack of hard evidence and facts to support the alleged information, action, motive or decision.When you question a notion or you are open to inquisition or reassessment of it, you are having doubt. Only when you can find the justification for your doubt, one that satisfies whatever convinces you to think otherwise, then you will no longer have doubts. To have knowledge is like to have an explanation, understanding or reasoning   to things in the world. Knowledge can be both personal and collective, and not all knowledge is a fact. The big bang theory , the theory of relativity, and the string theory etc. rovides us explanations and re asoning to why the world is the way it is. These theories are what we know but are not necessarily the fact – we do not know if these theories are correct, but still knowing these theories count as our knowledge. Knowledge can come from our personal experience as well. This essay will seek to address the extent to which doubt is manifested as a key to knowledge regarding two areas of knowledge, Science and History.According to Academic Press Dictionary of Science & Technology, science is the systematic observation of natural events and conditions in order to discover facts about them and to formulate laws and principles based on these facts and also the organized body of knowledge that is derived from such observations and that can be verified or tested by further investigation. There is a view that science is seen as provisional, which means that it is subjected to being falsified.In an ever-developing world were new discoveries are made all the time leading to new theories and realizations, older theories are always at the threat of being falsified. Even the new theories, the scientific community will vigorously doubt and criticize any ideas until enough evidence is produced to back them up. It is without ground to say that the basis of scientific growth is on inferred or even imagined hypotheses by scientist in an attempt to create or explain something new or unexplained.Experiments are carried out and positive results can turn these hypotheses into theories and possibly knowledge, of course until they are doubted and contested against by new theories that explores the opposition of the theory in question. Throughout the history of Science, knowledge has been derived from the selfsame processes. In early Mesopotamian study, the Earth was believed to be a flat disk with a dome, until Ferdinand Magellan managed to prove that Earth was spherical after successfully circumnavigating the Earth in the 15th Century.Another example would be of the Italian phy sicist Galileo Galilei who, despite the endless controversy, criticism and denouncing made against him, proved false the long withheld notion of the geocentric view that the Earth was at the center of the Universe. Thus, it is evident that through the use of scientific theories, unless disproved otherwise, knowledge is updated and will remain as such through continual doubt. Hence we can see that as long as there is doubt, new things will be explored and old laws might be disproved of although it is perceived as knowledge to everyone.Although doubt leads to more and more correct viewpoint of an issue, we can never be certain that what we think of as knowledge now is definitely the real truth and can never be disproved. However, with that being said, I believe that doubt and doubt alone cannot be the sole key to gain scientific knowledge, but continual doubt can actually leads to wasting of time and effort and worst is to eliminate the correct fact that is suppose to be true which ca n lead to a regression of knowledge.Firstly, there are many theories in science that remain in the gray area that cannot be logically proven with our current knowledge, like for example the existence of black holes. No scientists have been successful in proving its existence. However, one of the many theories of the black hole might actually be true but as nobody can prove it so, scientists in the field may invest pointless effort into developing new theories instead of directing that effort into proving the theory, which is actually true. Also there are truths that can never be doubted or proven otherwise like the fact that the Earth orbits around the word.Thus, although doubt lends to the progress of science and hence knowledge, it also has limitations which might prove detrimental to the growth of knowledge. The next issue is that of religion. Religion is a collection of cultural systems, belief systems, and worldviews that relate humanity to spirituality and, sometimes, to moral values. According to New York Times writer Peter Steinfels, published in July 19, 2008, religion is no longer like it was in the past when religious faith was present in everything people do, even for oubters. Nowadays it is almost inevitable that believers must live in a condition of doubt and uncertainty. We often think that there is no room for doubt within faith, that doubt is weakness. Even worse, most conservative faiths regard doubt as something to be battled against because it is dangerous to one's faith. It can lead to heresy, doubting the existence of God, and, according to their belief, perhaps loss of salvation and eternal torture in the fires of Hell.Of course , it had been pointed out by religious thinkers a long time ago that being doubtful about a religion is not the opposite polar of the religion but it is actually the better way of having faith rather than blind belief. Personally, although I am a devout Buddhist, many a time I have found myself doubting my own re ligion. For example, I sometimes question whether there is such thing called karma or does everything just happen by chance and karma is just a way to scare believers into doing good deeds for they fear of having to suffer the consequence afterwards.Ultimately there are people who are kind-hearted and yet still suffer every day. I found my answer not long ago about how it is related to another issue of reincarnation and bringing over karma. I did feel guilty of doubting Buddha and his words but then I learned that he said: Do not accept any of my words on faith, Believing them just because I said them. Be like an analyst buying gold, who cuts, burns, And critically examines his product for authenticity. Only accept what passes the test By proving useful and beneficial in your life.The Buddha (Jnanasara-samuccaya) Doutb, to Buddha is necessary because there is no point in following a religion blindly. According to the Buddha, religion should be left to one's own free choice. Religion is not a law, but a disciplinary code which should be followed with understanding. That’s why the Buddha told his disciples not to blindly follow his teachings but test them and verify them through their own experience like a goldsmith tests the purity of gold. However sometimes fir belief in the spiritual side of things can be necessary or at least comforting.In the book : â€Å"The Age of Doubt: Tracing the Roots of Our Religious Uncertainty†, an example of a 20-year-old boy was given. He is of an agreeable and intellectual appearance,† but he's soon beset with existential and religiously-inflected questions, tied to his faith, that he feels compelled to ask his doctor: â€Å"What am I? What are all these things that are made like me? Why am I? â€Å". â€Å"Why am I? † is perhaps the most remarkable of these questions, with religion offering an answer more confident and comforting than science perhaps ever could.But as his doctor explains, the patien t finds no comfort in theology. He is in one sense suspended between two options, greater faith and firmer uncertainty, yet neither strikes him as possible or appealing. Ultimately religions are spiritual havens that most followers take refuge in; and by constantly doubt its truth, it defeats the purpose of having religions as people are always have this insecurity that what they are doing, adhering to may not do any good to them despite what their religions says.In conclusion, due to the broadness and ambiguity of the knowledge areas of Science and History, it is impossible to accurately evaluate doubt and its ability to present itself as the key to attaining knowledge. Nonetheless, through careful study and research on these various areas of knowledge, this essay presents the stand that doubt, to a large extent, is an indispensable and important factor as the key to knowledge. 1505 words ———————————â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€- [ 2 ]. Sharpe, Alfred. â€Å"Doubt†. The Catholic Encyclopedia, Vol. 5 (New York: Robert Appleton). Retrieved 2008-10-21. [ 3 ]. http://blogs. yis. ac. jp/13hwangj/2011/09/05/definition-of-knowledge/ [ 4 ]. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Religion#cite_note-0 [ 5 ]. http://www. nytimes. com/2008/07/19/us/19beliefs. html [ 6 ]. http://viewonbuddhism. org/dharma. html [ 7 ]. http://www. budsas. org/ebud/whatbudbeliev/277. htm