Sophocles The Iliad And Hippolytus Fate - 906 Words

Decisions are built on the idea that there is a choice to be made. This choice reflects ones future and these decisions often made based on a person’s thoughts, emotions or the intentions of others. Euripides’ play Hippolytus and the Homeric Epic; The Iliad mortals are liable for their futures to some extent, while at the same time they also become a fatality to the gods. A human’s decision causes them to be responsible for their own fates, but often times these decisions also cause them to become victims of the gods and goddess. In the Iliad and Hippolytus fate is seen as the unknown future that is not thought about until it actually occurs, which causes characters like Agamemnon and Hippolytus not to think logistically or obey the gods, but rather use their egocentric characteristics when making judgments, leading them to ultimately become victims of gods/goddesses. The ancient Greek conception of fate is determined by human’s who chose his or her own actions. Often times these decisions are made out of greed for oneself, or to benefit others which cause the gods/goddesses to get involved and torture all those in association. In the Homeric Epic, The Iliad, Agamemnon, King of Achaeans creates his own fate due to his selfishness, which in turn causes him to also be victimized by the gods. During the Trojan War, the men of the Achaeans army treated women like objects rather than humans. Therefore, after the destruction of a Trojan town, Agamemnon had taken Chryseis, aShow MoreRelatedGreek Mythology s Influence On The Arts And Literature Of Western Civilization2652 Words   |  11 Pages There are thus many different versions of these ancient stories. Today the Greek myths are known primarily from written Greek literature such as the Iliad and the Odyssey. These classic epics—long, narrative poems praising heroic deeds—are said to have been written by the poet Homer. He may have flourished in the 9th or 8th century BC. The Iliad, set during the Trojan War, recounts the story of the wrath of the Greek warrior Achilles. The Odyssey tells of the long wanderings and adventures of Odysseus

Essay on Jane Eyre An Orphan’s Success Story - 1750 Words

Jane Eyre: An Orphan’s Success Story In Victorian literature, the orphan can be read as an unfamiliar and strange figure outside the dominant narrative of domesticity (Peters 18). They were often portrayed as poor children without a means of creating a successful life for themselves. Charlotte Bronte’s Jane Eyre, however, is a portrayal of a female orphan who triumphs over almost every environment she enters. Therefore, Jane’s ability to overcome the hardships that she encounters is a fictional success story. By discussing Jane’s early life as an orphan at Gateshead and Lowood, and also her relationships with Helen Burns and Adele Varens, one can see how Bronte’s novel is an escape from the familiar predestined fate of at least†¦show more content†¦2). Jane is at the mercy of the Reed family’s demands and is severely punished for anything they deem improper. Although she does possess a passionate disposition that the Reeds often use as a justification for punishment, Jane is f orced into a habitual obedience. Therefore, she obediently listens to John as he reminds her of her insignificant, poor status: [. . .] you are a dependant, mama says; you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not to live here with gentlemen’s children like us, and eat the same meals we do, and wear clothes at our mama’s expense. (23; ch. 1) The constant verbal and physical abuse from the Reeds makes Jane’s time at Gateshead, for the most part, intolerable. She is a social outcast in the Reeds’ home. The only peace that she finds at Gateshead is during times of voluntary solitude and while reading. Like orphans throughout English literature, she must develop an identity through the challenge of social mobility (Hochman, Wachs 12), a challenge that keeps her inferior while at Gateshead. Because of her young, orphaned status, Jane is unable to escape from the torment at Gateshead until Mrs. Reed decides to send her away. But her experience at Gateshead becomes the ground on which she is able to build her future character. Jane is alone without any parental love to guide her except for Bessie’s occasional show of affection. She must make a life for

Influence in Politeness Free Essays

Influence in politeness -Culture †¢Politeness id considered a desirable characteristic in most cultures. However, cultures are different in how they define the politeness. Example: the English speakers showing consideration for others and presenting the confidence and polish as their politeness; on the other hand, the Japanese showing respect and presenting their selves with modesty as their politeness. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence in Politeness or any similar topic only for you Order Now †¢Cultures differ in the rules for expressing politeness or impoliteness and also in the punishments for the violation of the accepted rules. Example: in the Asian cultures, people who emphasize more politeness are often singled out when interview for a job; on the other hand, they will also receive harsher punishment for violation than the western cultures. †¢Politeness is recognized as an important part of interpersonal interactions in the business world. The rudeness in the workplace, it is been argued, reduces the performance effectiveness, hurts creativity, and leads to increase the worker turnover. Example: because of her boss’ bad temper, my sister did not want to stay any longer in her previous company and search for a new job. Personality and professional training †¢Your personality and personal training will also influence your degree of politeness and the way you express the politeness besides cultures. Example: my degree of politeness is different when I interact with my classmates and interact with the lecturers. This condition depends on my personality in how I think of them. Another example: when I do the presentation, I speaks in formal language to show my respect to the audiences, and it will be different if I just attend the generally class. Politeness in Inclusion and Exclusion Inclusive messages include all people present and acknowledge the relevance of others and normally considered polite. Example: using English language in this university. When we discuss our homework, we will use English language to adjust to the foreigners and respect them. oExclusive messages shut out specific people or entire cultural groups and are normally considered impolite. Example: when I talked to my family on the phone, I usually used my native language in order that the surrounding people could not understand what I said. How to cite Influence in Politeness, Essay examples

David Letterman Essay Example For Students

David Letterman Essay David LettermanDavid Letterman grew up in a small town in eastern Indiana. Hewas born to Joseph and Dorothy Letterman. After reading the novel, DavidLetterman: On Stage and Off by Rosemarie Lennon, I have learned about all hisstruggles and joys. Because of this book, I feel sorry towards one of thefunniest people on Earth, David Letterman. I also admire him for his good actsand abilities. To realize why I feel what I feel toward Letterman, you have to look atsome of the main points in his life. First of all, Dave was exactly an Astudent. He struggled all of his life through grade school to college. He alsowasnt very popular. He stated, I remember standing around. . . with theother losers, watching all the athletes play sports. All we could do is makefun and ridicule them. He was never good at anything until high school. AllI ever knew how to do was to make people laugh. In high school I was the classclown, making fun of everything and everyone. This personality trait was whatgave him his thousands of faithful fans, watching his show every night to seeDave rip to shreds anyone who dare challenge him. Another thing that wasimportant to him was his mother and father. His father, Joseph Letterman, andDave went fishing quite often when he was young. Dave looked up to his fathertremendously. When Joseph had his first heart attack when he was thirty-six,Dave and his father started to drift away. Later, Daves Dad died when he wasfifty-three. One of Davids top regrets was never spending a lot of time withhis dad. As for his mother, she is the classical conservative mother of thefifties. She was always very hard on Dave when he got into mischief in schoolwhich was quite often. She is still a part of Daves life, and can be seenquite often on his show, doing a comedy sketch, or telling audience members whatthe temperature was in Lillihammer during the Winter Olympics. The Reason I feel sorry for Letterman is because of his tragedies of hispast. His Dads passing was hard enough, but he had other trials to deal with. Like his mother. She was never really proud of David, constantly reminding himhe was going to fail, and not encouraging him to take his natural ability tomake people laugh to their limits. She hated the idea of him going toCalifornia to work in a comedy club there, but Dave was stubborn. In 1975 hequit his job at a local T.V. station doing the weather, and moved to the bigcity of Los Angeles. He worked at a place called The Comedy Store along sidehis current nemesis, Jay Leno. There he learned how hard it was to be acomedian. He started to become a perfectionist. When something wasnt right, hegot very mad and was very unhappy. This unhappiness is what caused Dave and hiswife since 1969, Michelle Cook, to get a divorce. I misbehaved. Theres noway of getting around that. The responsibility for the end of our marriage issquarely on my shoulders. I have a measure of ongoing guilt about that. . . Iwas very immature and acted badly, and I am sorry for that. Things started toturn around on November 24, 1978, when Johnny Carson, Daves boyhood idol, hadselected Dave to fill-in for him every once in a while. This was it. The bigtimes. But this also set Dave up for one of his biggest rejections yet. Davemade fifty guest-host jobs and twenty-two guest appearances from 1978 to 1980. .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 , .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .postImageUrl , .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 , .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:hover , .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:visited , .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:active { border:0!important; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:active , .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156 .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua14a2ae56f306d50a60afab505707156:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: To build a fire EssayHe was a regular on Johnnys show and became to be one of Johnnys closestfriends. In 1980, NBC gave Letterman his own show after Carsons. For elevenand a half years, Daves show was a success, and Letterman was considered asCarsons heir to the late night throne. The job was given to Jay Leno instead,when Carson retired. Dave took this as a major insult. He left NBC breakinghis contract and moved to CBS where Jay and Dave would compete for the sametime slot. This new show was terribly exciting for me. Dave did his showjust like his one on NBC and on August 30, 1993, The Late Show with DavidLetterman beat Jay Lenos Tonight Show for two years after that. I also admire David Letterman. After all his ordeals, he still hasntlost the ability to do what he started out to do: to make people to laugh. Ihave been a fan of Letterman since he was guest hosting Carsons show, and Iknow a lot about him. He still puts on a show every night, even though it hastaken a major decline in ratings since the Oscars. He is a kind man as well,giving thousands of dollars to various charities. He has a talent for makingpeople laugh, making even the stupidest jokes funny. I view my self like him. I am not the smartest in my family, nor will I ever be, but I know I am thefunniest. Maybe thats trough years of religiously watching Letterman at night. I am also a perfectionist. I get very angry with myself if I do something thatgoes terribly wrong. David Letterman has inspired me in life, teaching me to dothings most people wouldnt. David William Letterman is a tremendously funny and kind man. He hasgone through some of lifes tragic and some of its magic, but always seems tocome out on top. Who knew that a skinny kid from Indiana who grew up with a fewfriends and no gumption, would be one of the most successful people of his time. And, to quote Letterman, Would you like to buy a monkey?Biographies

The Influence Of The Classical Style On Modern Structures Essays

The Influence Of The Classical Style On Modern Structures The Influence of the Classical Style on Modern Structures It's safe to say that the past has had profound influence on the way we live today. Many aspects of life have evolved over time and have been fine tuned to fit our preferences. A few examples are art, fashion and architecture. Every once in a while people look to the past in order to decide what we want for the present. For example, some people like to wear retro clothes that were popular in the 50's and listen to Elvis Prestley records. This is also true with architecture. It's easy to see the similarities and distinctions between ancient Greek structures and modern structures. The classic architecture style of ancient Greece has a profound influence on architecture today. The great political revolutions of the late 1700's and early 1800's did not trigger a revolution in architecture; instead they inspired still another classical revival (Jacobs, 135). About 1820 the Western world became very interested in ancient Greek architecture. The Greek War of independence from Turkey was closely watched be Westerners which sparked their interest in Greek architecture. Greek Revival style was used for courthouses, city halls, and residences. From 1820 onward, most builders preferred the Greek orders of column styles. These were the Doric, the Ionic and the Corinthian styles (Hammett, 24). The Doric style was the simplest style of columns and is characterized by having a slightly tapered column that is relatively short. These columns have no base and sit directly on the stylobate, or foundation, and are channeled by twenty shallow flutes. The top of the column, or the volute, is plain and bold and generally there are three steps which lead up to the stylobate (Al vey). Ionic styles are much slimmer, taller and more elaborate. They are also characterized by volutes that are horn-like or resemble a rolled up scroll. They also have bases which are very elaborate. The Corinthian columns are similar to the ionic style but are even taller and have more elaborate volutes that best resemble an upside-down bell surrounded by leaves (Nuttgens, 92). The modern structure that best represents the style of ancient Greece is the Lincoln memorial in Washington D.C. Construction began on the memorial on February 12, 1915 and was dedicated on May 30, 1922. Henry Bacon, the architect who designed the Lincoln memorial, was an admirer of Greek architecture and purposefully tried to show his Greek influence in the memorial. In fact he used the Parthenon in Athens as a specific model (Alvey). The Parthenon is perhaps the most outstanding ancient Greek architectural achievement. Built by Ictinus and Callicrates and sculpted by Phidias, the Parthenon was dedicated to Athena, the virgin Athena. The Parthenon began construction in 447 b.c. and was completed 432 b.c. (Alvey). Looking at the attached photos, one can see the resemblance between the Lincoln memorial and the Parthenon. The most noticeable characteristics are the columns and the use of marble. The Doric style was utilized in both of these structures. The interior of the memorial is a lso similar to that of the Parthenon. Both are divided into chambers, with a statue of whom the temples are dedicated as the focal point (Alvey). Another modern structure that show ancient Greek influence is the treasury building in Washington D.C. The treasury building, built by Robert Mills and Thomas U. Walter, is made of white marble and displays 38 Greek ionic columns. Other structures that show Greek revival are the Old Illinois State Capitol, the Ohio State Capitol, the St. Louis Court House, the Andalusia in Philadelphia and the Second Bank of the United States which was the first of many Parthanon adaptations (Hammett). It is easy to find Greek influence all over the world. Just drive around to the banks, libraries or fraternity houses. Mansions are known for having columns in front which is exclusively characteristic of ancient Greek design. Greek architecture is so beautiful and unmistakable that it is no wonder so many people want their home or business to show its influence. Works Cited Jacobs, David. Architecture. New York: Newsweek Books, 1974. Hammett, Ralph. Architecture in the United States. New York: John Wiley and Sons,

Thanksgiving Party Ideas for Students Sticking Around Campus

Thanksgiving Party Ideas for Students Sticking Around Campus During every single Thanksgiving break there’s that chunk of the student body who for whatever reason can’t make it home to be with their family. They’re scattered throughout the dorms. They’re huddling in the on-campus housing. They’re alone in their apartments. Well, this article is for them. It explains how to set up and execute a monolithic Thanksgiving break costume party. Step 1. Establishing Location The hunt for the perfect location should begin no later than around the beginning of September. That gives you three months to set this thing up. More than enough time to make it completely legit from top to bottom. You can either talk with the school to see if there’s a way you can use an on-campus location (potential funding), or you can take it off-campus. Off-campus is ideal. There’s got to be someone sticking around campus that lives in a big house. All the roommates took off, so there’s nothing but space! The point is you want to find a suitable house with enough breathing room (including yard) for anywhere from 20-150+ people. Step 2. Making it Cool with Neighbors Johnny Law Directly, in person, talk to all the surrounding neighbors and people in the area. Just be honest. You’re putting together a Thanksgiving themed costume party for students staying on campus, or who really have nowhere to go for the holidays. No, this isn’t supposed to be some typical obnoxious party where everyone is getting drunk. Actually there will be turkey, lots of food, and fun. A real quality party and if they want to dress up they’re more than welcome to come! Be completely upfront with law enforcement. Their main concerns are going to be illegal activity (underage drinking) and adhering to noise/fire codes. The writer of this article is envisioning clean and drug-free fun. Ideally you should be as well. You’re advised to invite police to stop by at their leisure. Tell them you’ll set aside a couple plates just for them†¦ Step 3. Spreading the News This shindig should start relatively early in the day, say 2pm, and go through to roughly 8pm. Begin spreading the word about two months out, so the beginning of October. This is probably the best way to do that: Get a simple table, two chairs, and some people together that will dress up and promote the party. Print out legit flyers telling people about the costume party. Tell them why it’s being put together. Make sure people understand there will be food, music, fun and festivities! Remember, one way to cut down the rabble is to require costumes. If you do that, only the people that really want to dress up and have some fun will show. Step 4. Funding The quicker you get a handle on your expected head counts the better because you don’t want to go overboard, but you don’t want make it not worth the time and effort or have people show and not get fed. This party will need some funding regardless. Food: Turkeys, pies, cookies etc. and things that appeal to vegetarians, vegans and people who may be trying to lose weight (fruits, veggies and low-fat choices). Drinks: Alcohol isn’t advised. Instead, shoot for hot and cold drinks that are cheap and easy to love. Water is a fabulous choice. Soda not so much. Hot chocolate is a good choice, but with punches and things of that nature there must be someone either watching/guarding it, or handing it out at a specific time. Keep things safe for everyone. Plating: Biodegradable plates, plastic cups, forks and spoons. And, mountains of napkins. Don’t forget about the things you need to clean up afterwards as well. Decorations: Don’t go overboard but make sure that the house is festive. Get some streamers. Put up some artwork. Don’t go cheap! Head over to the art department and see what kind of neat creations you can make. Weather permitting, setting up something outside in the front yard for all to see would be nice. Music: If it’s live it should be pro-bono. If not, keep it on the lower side to allow for conversation, and keep it on the low-key side. The music should complement the party, not dominate it. Activities: The activities shouldnt be messy or corny. Most people will just want to hang out and mingle with others. If you take it seriously and have a team in place to hand out responsibilities and coordinate things, it will be really fun and the students who come will never forget it! Colleges typically have something going on on-campus for students that stick around, but nothing could be more awesome than a student run and student funded Thanksgiving Day Costume Party. How many Indians and Pilgrims will show? Do you plan to host a college Thanksgiving party? Share your tips and ideas in the comments section below the post!

What are your recommendations to Cunard regarding the balance in the Essay

What are your recommendations to Cunard regarding the balance in the focus of marketing communications between the overall Cunard identity and image, and the id - Essay Example Promoting individual ships will benefit the organization by making the customers aware of specific services, and hence translating this awareness into sales. An analysis of the market, customers, and intermediaries, and of the budget allocation reveals that Cunard should make a move towards more tactical communication-mix. While it should use an integrated approach in all its activities, it is also desirable that individual ships should continue to feature prominently. Cunard Line Ltd. has an illustrious heritage of providing travel services worldwide for the past 150 years. Once singled out as an essential means of travel, this shipping line has now re-positioned itself as a luxury vacation service provider. With its fleet of five 5-star luxury ships including the famous QE2, and two 4-star premium ones, Cunard is the market leader in this section of the industry. This success has been rightly attributed to Cunard’s corporate culture that emphasizes upon high quality operations and service, as well as on preserving an elegant corporate image through advertising and direct mail. From spotless on-board services, (that include services of elite valets, personalized accommodation for individual tastes and preferences, and loads of entertainment, shopping and fun), to the high-brow, glossy market communications - everything is streamlined towards creating a quality brand. Till the 90s, Cunard was managing its communications so as to enhance the overall corporate identity, while distancing itself from hard sell approach taken up by its competitors. It was using an array of communications tools, integrated in appeal and look – judiciously developed by Leslie and her team to forward the communication objectives. By 1992 it was realized that more tactical ingredients have to be utilized to ensure sales and lead generation. Leslie was

Analyzing Husband's Defense Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analyzing Husband's Defense - Essay Example ry to note that the parts of the house were equal as they had â€Å"the same space†.2 This may mean that husbands respected their wives and treated them as equals. However, it is not clear whether it was a norm for the Greek society at that time. It is clear that women were not allowed to be in their husbands’ areas as the husband was trying to justify his wife’s presence in his part of the house. He stated that it became â€Å"quite customary† for his wife to be in his (male) part of the house.3 It is necessary to add that it was common for husbands to have a complete control over their wives’ lives. Females could not have property of their own and their husbands made sure they did not have â€Å"too much† of their own and â€Å"kept an eye† on their wives â€Å"as was proper†.4 Wives could not go out alone but they could leave the house with their husbands. Notably, maids had more freedom and could leave their households on their own. Maids could go to the market or to other places to complete tasks given. For instance, a maid of a woman approached Euphiletus to tell him about â€Å"the man who is wronging†.5 At that, maids could be severely punished or even bitten for no reason. Euphiletus’ wife noted that he â€Å"mauled† the maid when he was drunk.6 Apparently, there could hardly be any reason for such a severe physical punishment. It follows that masters could do almost anything with their maids. It is noteworthy that Euphiletus does not blame his wife for adultery as he keeps stressing that she was seduced and she was a victim of the â€Å"great crime† committed by Eratosthenes.7 This fact may have two meanings. First, the wife was seen as a passive recipient of any action undertaken by a man (even if it was a wrongdoing). It is noteworthy that Euphiletus stressed that adultery led to the situation when wives became â€Å"more attached† to their lovers and â€Å"the whole house† got â€Å"in their power†.8 Hence, it seems that wives were simply a part of

Cybercrime Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cybercrime - Research Paper Example One of the best investigative techniques to deal with this issue is to bait the cybercriminals. It is also useful to spy on their forums and lure them out of the shadow. In reality, they are among the most elusive form of criminal. The truth is people must be very careful to protect their passwords and their personal information. It is not a good idea to put your birthday on your Facebook account, for example, as this information may be used in some circumstances to access banking and other private records. Do not talk to strangers online if you are underage, as well, as they may be predators. Part of the problem with the Internet is its anonymity. It is hard to track down cybercriminals and they know it. The bank robbers of the future will not wear masks and carry guns, they will be the people who sit at their computer and hack into the bank. We must develop better investigative techniques to deal with

Tax Evasion in the UK | Essay

Tax Evasion in the UK | Essay An Investigation Into Tax Evasion In The British Large Companies Abstract This project looks at the tax evasion in the British large companies and find out the reason of this problem. It aims to discover the methods to control it. As resources find, firstly, tax loopholes cause tax evasion. Secondly, tax is so high and effects large companies much. Companies hope to cut costs without paying tax. Thirdly, the leaders of companies can not realize they have duty to pay tax. Finally, the government ask companies to pay double tax which is unfair to companies. Therefore, British Large companies should raise the awareness of responsibility to pay tax. The Governemt should improve the tax law. The research was conducted by examining previous studies. Two cases study focus on tax evasion of Google and Amazon in the UK. The results show that British large companies have tax evasion problem. Companies use branch offices for transferring British tax money to other countries’ offices which is located at tax heaven. The leaders of companies even are proud of tax evasion. In conclusion, in the UK, tax evasion is quiet serious in the large companies. Whatever ethical and social system cause tax evasion problem. The government should prevent this situation by improving tax system and letting people raise the responsibility to pay tax. 1. Introduction Tax evasion is defined as an illegal behaviour that a person, organization or corporation purposely avoids paying true tax liability. Those caught evading taxes are generally subject to criminal charges and significant punishments (Investopedia, n.d.). Nowadays, with British economy and finance development, tax evasion has increased year by year. This area is important because lots of British companies, such as Google, Amazon, Starbucks and Apple, have tax evasion problem. Britain have turned into a tax evasion heaven that cheats itself in the process. The reason is the loopholes of tax evasion system. According to PCS, 90% of tax is effectively voluntary with just few staff to check suspect cases. The National Audit Office reported that HMRC has doubled the amount of tax debt written off in one year and due to its own mistakesrelatively. Labours record on chasing tax loopholes was depressing.In 2009, it set up the patent box – a vast new tax avoidance vehicle. This government s new enormous tax escape leak is the controlled foreign companies management system, allowing British companies to pay tax in the cheapest country they can find, and none when they bring profits back (Polly Toynbee, 2014). Furthermore, profit motivate companies avoid paying tax to save money for themselves.As hypothesis, because of profit, companies keep away from turning in tax to the government on time. In addition, the tax system has the leak so that companies have ability not to pay true tax.Therefore, this project aims to discover the reason of tax evasion and find the way to prevent this situation in the large companies in the UK. 1.1 Research Question Do the profit aims and the loopholes of tax system cause tax evasion? How to deal with tax evasion in the British large companies? 2. Literature review The reason of tax evasion in large companies in the UK. In this world, tax evasion is never ethical. It is illegal whenever the century. Companies and individuals all own a duty to the government to pay whatever taxes the state demands. There is no such thing that taxes are too high even though British resident always complain the level of price and taxes (McGee, 2012). However, in this century, tax evasion is such a normal phenomenon. There are some opinions about the reason of tax evasion in the large companies in the UK. Firstly, although the reforms of the tax structures improve year by year, the British tax system still has loopholes (ZodrowFuest, 2013). Therefore, companies can route around the laws to avoid paying tax. The loopholes cause shadow economy increases. Shadow economy is quite narrow. It does not need to take results and insights of other sciences into account. It is difficult to control. With shadow economy climbs, it attracts original tax system and creates competition for the official firms at the same time (Schneider Enste, 2003). Moreover, because of tax system loopholes, in multinational corporations, the extensivephenomenon of income shifting happens frequently. Multi-national and offshore companies have illegal market and inequitable competitive advantages. Tax system loopholes let overseas and offshore companies avoid finance acquiring, asset stripping companies and markets. The effects impact all tax system and supply and value chains (Nicholas, 2013). The offshore economy tends to be around us. Lots of trades are successful through the offshore economy. What is more, entrepreneurs’ corruption and government expropriation of private resources destroy the balance and interaction between tax and investment. The political structure can not use as effective tool for the original tax system (ZodrowFuest, 2013). Therefore, the tax system loopholes are continued to expand. Furthermore, Endemic avoidance relies on means legitimated by the tax system. Companies exploit tax differences within different places and tax regime and transfer profit to avoid tax. British companies use companies, trusts and partnerships to shelter earnings or assets. (Nicholas, 2013). Secondly, according to ThomasSowell (2012), tax cut for the rich. Tax effects rich companies greatly. Because the total amount of money saved by someone in the large companies is often larger than the total amount of money saved by someone in small companies. With the higher tax, the more money companies have, the more tax they need to pay. All People desire to have more money. By tax evasion, companies can save lots of financial revenue. Thirdly, leaders of companies think government does not give them or society tangible benefits and value. It wastes their paid tax money. So, companies do not want to pay tax to the government. Maybe, companies give money to charity that is better than paying tax to the government. The former can bring more social value and popularity to the companies (D’Souza, 2012).Fina lly, because the government asks British large companies to pay double tax, companies believe that it is unfair to themselves. Therefore, British large companies do not pay tax to the government (Baekdal, 2013). The approach for preventing from tax evasion In the UK, tax evasion situation is serious. Here are some methods to help to solve the problem. Firstly, British government should set law to limit or remove the legal standing of companies or ownership from jurisdictions with cannibalistic tax and secrecy regimes (Nicholas,2013). Secondly,the large companies tax standards need to be updated to prevent loopholes from being abused. Companies haveability to use new data and advanced technology to control fraud and evasion risks.The government has also set up a new centre of system within HMRC to enhance expertise forsolving offshore tax evasion (Gov, 2014). Thirdly, British companies should raise their ethical and legal responsibility to pay tax for developing British society and country. 3. Case Study Case StudyGoogle’s tax evasion Google’s current situation Google, as a large company, uses its dominant position for own economic goals with tax avoidance strategy escape financing of government and public infrastructure (Baekdal, 2013).From 2006 to 2011, although Google has 18 billion pounds revenue in Britain, the company reported only 16 million profit for taxes to British authorities (Reuters, 2013). In 2011, Google’s UK unit just paid six million pound to the Treasury and turned over of 395 million pound (Barford Holt, 2013). The reason of tax evasion in the Google Google operates its European branch companies out of approving tax jurisdiction on purpose. Google own the company’s non-US intellectual property rights in the tax haven of Bermuda. The leader of Google company believe that enterprise has the duty to shareholders to minimise its costs by avoiding paying tax (BBC News, 2012). The chairman of Google even said that he is proud of his company’s tax evasion scheme. As the report said that he even thinks the tax evasion of 2.5 billion pounds in Google is capitalism (Kumar Wright, 2012). In Ireland, Google has a branch office which should pays fee to isolated Dutch company. Google establish Dutch company purely for the purpose of reducing the taxes (BBC News, 2012). As Google’s executive chairman Eric Schmidt said that he does not agree on UK tax debate. He thinks that it is political decision instead of economical issues if the company must comply that the tax laws is changed by British system. It is not fair that com panies should pay more tax when the tax rate climbs up (BBC News, 2013). Therefore, The reason of tax evasion in Google company is that the holders are not conscious of having responsibility to pay tax for the government and society. It desires to reduce the costs in order to achieve their economic aim by avoiding paying tax. Case study Amazon’s tax evasion Amazon’s current situation According to the report given by the Guardian, Amazon earned more than 3.3 billion pounds profit in the UK last year without paying any corporation tax to the tax authorities. In 2011, Amazon, which has earned about 3.35 billion pounds in the UK, only reported a tax expenditure of about 1.8 million pounds (BBC News, 2013). Now it is under investigation by the UK tax office. The reason of tax evasion in the Amazon The tax structure loopholes are used by Amazon company. Luxembourg country is well known as tax heaven. The tax rate in Luxembourg is much less than the tax rate in Britain. According to the report, the goal that Amazon company establish deliberately branch office in Luxembourg is to round around the British tax laws. Tax system loopholes are used by Amazon to transfer billions of pounds profit from British customers to Luxembourg. Then, Amazon’s profit is used Luxembourg’ s law to pay the tax which is much less than paying in the UK. This behaviour aims to payinvisibleBritish tax (BowersWintour, 2013). Under current laws, Amazon has 4.2 billion revenue annual years in the UK, which rely on a network of eight grand warehouses across Britain by routing through Luxembourg. (Bowers Wintour, 2013). According to Ibtimes website (2014), Amazons accounting strategies have been attacked by John Lewis and other high street stores, which they think give Amazon an unfair advantag e by using the Luxembourg loophole to shield its profits from the tax authority in the UK. 4. Discussion According to the resources, in the UK, tax evasion in the large companies is known as the fault of the companies. There are three reason of tax evasion. The first is that tax system has loopholes which is used to transfer the profit from high tax rate place to low tax rate place. The Second is the leader of companies may not realize they have responsibility to pay tax to the government and society. They just desire to achieve the economic goal. The third is that tax rate is so high and tax effects the rich more. As cases of Google and Amazon show these reasons have been proved. The leader of Google was proud of tax evasion and desired to reduce costs to achieve their economic goal. Amazon company used branch offices which is in tax heaven country to transfer revenue for avoiding paying tax. However, there has other agreement that government is greedy to ask companies to pay double tax. Generally speaking, because government put tax money on social infrastructure and companies have a lot revenue, companies should raise the awareness of duty to pay tax. Moreover, government is probably the one that should improve the tax system and establish the law to punish these illegal attitudes. Furthermore, comparing to other countries, Tax authority should control tax rate and keep balance between each area in order to prevent companies to transfer profits to branch offices in other countries. 5. Conclusion As resources found , in current century, tax evasion situation is much serious in the large companies in the UK. There are four reasons of tax evasion. Firstly, although the reforms of the tax structures are developed year by year, the British tax system still has loopholes. Therefore, companies can route around the laws to avoid paying tax. Companies use branch offices for transferring British profits to other countries which is located at tax heaven. Secondly, tax effects rich companies much. The companies are more rich, the tax money they should pay to the government and society. Companies desire to save costs for economic goal. Thirdly, leaders of companies might not have sense of responsibility. Two cases of Google and Amazon have proved the most of people believe that tax evasion should due to British large companies themselves. However, a few people think government causes tax evasion because it asks companies to pay double tax which is unfair to companies. According to discus sion, companies have responsibility more than the government because the government puts tax money to society with developing medicine system , charity and others. 5.1 Recommendations According to the research, British large companies should be enthusiastic with paying tax to the government and society. .In addition, the government might better to develop British tax laws to control tax system loopholes. In the future, with society, economy and technology development, the situation of tax evasion would be changed. British people should continue to research tax evasion. 5.2 Limitations and scope for further research As the place and time limited, research was limited in two British large companies in recent years. If the research carried out in several companies and researched the situation of tax evasion in 10 years, it could has more accurate results. (Words: 2015) 6. References Amazon Facing Fresh UK Tax Avoidance Row. (2014). Retrieved from http://www.ibtimes.co.uk/amazon-facing-fresh-uk-tax-avoidance-row-1449978 Amazon UK paid  £2.4m tax last year, despite  £4bn sales. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22549434 Baekdal, T. (2013). The Other Side of Amazons, Apples and Googles Tax Evasion. Retrieved from https://www.baekdal.com/opinion/the-other-side-of-amazons-apples-and-googles-tax-evasion Barford,V. Holt, G. (2013). Google, Amazon, Starbucks: The rise of tax shaming. Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20560359 Bowers, S. Wintour, P. (2013). Amazon told: time is up for tax avoidance. Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/business/2013/jul/19/oecd-tax-reform-proposals-amazon D’Souza, J. (2012). Terrorist Financing, Money Laundering And Tax Evasion: Examing The Performance Of Financial Intellgence Units. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC. Factbox: Apple, Amazon, Google and tax avoidance schemes. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.reuters.com/article/2013/05/22/us-eu-tax-avoidance-idUSBRE94L0GW20130522 Googles Eric Schmidt perplexed over UK tax debate. (2013). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-22676080 Kumar, N. Wright, O. (2012). Google boss: Im very proud of our tax avoidance scheme. Retrieved from http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/google-boss-im-very-proud-of-our-tax-avoidance-scheme-8411974.html Mc Gee, R. W. (2012). The Ethics Of Tax Evasion: Perspectives In Theory And Practice. New York: Springer. Nicholas, C. (2013). Twelve steps to stop tax avoidance. Retrieved from http://www.newstatesman.com/business/2013/09/twelve-steps-stop-tax-avoidance Reducing tax evasion and avoidance. (2014). Retrieved from https://www.gov.uk/government/policies/reducing-tax-evasion-and-avoidance Schneider, F. Enste, D. H. (2003). The Shadow Economy: An International Survey. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press Sowell, T. (2012). Trickle Down Theory And Tax Cuts For The Rich. Stanford, Calif: Hoover Institution Press Starbucks, Google and Amazon grilled over tax avoidance. (2012). Retrieved from http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20288077 Tax Evasion. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/taxevasion.asp Toynbee, P. (2014). This farcical tax system is cheating us out of billions.  Retrieved from http://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/jul/29/farcical-tax-system-cheating-billions-chase-avoiders Zodrow, G. R. Fuest, C. (2013). Critical Issues In Taxation And Development. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Signifigance Of Disease And Plauge In Hamlet :: essays research papers

In Hamlet by William Shakespeare, poison and disease both plague the state of Denmark. Relations between characters are corrupt, the people are disturbed and people are killed constantly. What the characters do not know is that this corrupt reign of power will end in tragedy. Corrupt minds in Hamlet are provided by Prince Hamlet himself. He portrays an â€Å"antic disposition† in order to gain the advantage inside the castle. Now people in the castle believe that Hamlet is crazy or â€Å"mad† and thinks nothing more of it. Really, Hamlet is just acting this way so that he can spy on other people in the castle. By doing this he finds out who is after him and the identity of the murderer of his father. Polonious is one of the people spying on Hamlet to find the â€Å"source of his madness† and says "That he's mad, 'tis true 'tis pity, And pity 'tis 'tis true" [2.2.97-98]. Hamlet never stops his act and gets his job done. During Hamlets search for revenge, he also sparks the beginning of Ophelia’s demise. This happens because to insure no one knows that Hamlet is acting as if he is crazy, he only tells his most trusted friend Horaito. Ophelia does not know he is only acting for the possible spies, and takes everything Hamlet says seriously. â€Å"Ophelia says I was the more deceived†[III.i.118]. After a while of this, including Hamlet yelling at her, the death of her father Polonious by the hands of Hamlet, Ophelia goes insane. This is very noticeable because she is constantly singing and her appearance is also more ragged and dirty. She does not even notice her own brother, Laertes, when he returns from school. Shortly after this, Ophelia is found, drown in the brook. Hamlet triggers Ophelia’s insanity that then leads to her death. While all of these tragic happenings are occurring relationships are also being torn apart. Hamlets' relations with his mother Gertrude are severed. Hamlet believes his mother is disgusting for marrying his father's brother, two months after his fathers' death. Rightfully so because traditionally then when people were married their families became considered blood related. So this action by his mother was thought to be incestuous and Hamlet did not agree with it at all. Hamlets' relationship with Laertes was also destroyed. During an altercation with his mother Hamlet heard a noise behind a tapestry hanging on the wall.